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B The most important thought was the
READING & WRITING human itself. Even their gods were described as
human. The Greek gods had human emotions.
1 What do these pictures remind you of? Share For example, the Greeks believed that when
your thoughts with class. it thundered, Zeus, the king of the gods and
goddesses, was expressing his anger.
1 2 3 C Geography played an important role in the
development of Ancient Greek civilization. As
Greeks had easy access to water resources, they
became explorers and traders. Besides, high
mountains made it difficult to communicate
and this led to the development of the polis.
4 5 6 Because of the limited communication, each
polis developed differently from each other.
The best examples were Athens and Sparta.
They were poles apart; still, they fought
throughout their history. Athens was the think
tank of the ancient Greece whereas Sparta gave
2 Answer the following questions. Share your importance to military might.
answers with class. D The polytheistic belief was adopted by
1. Are you interested in ancient civilizations the Greeks. There were more than 15 gods or
settled around Aegean Sea? goddesses and each had a different role. They
2. Would you like to be a queen or king in always had an argument among themselves.
ancient times? Why? Why not?
3. Do you think the lifestyle of the ancient E Have you ever heard about Pandora’s Box? In
times was more enjoyable than of today? a myth, Zeus created an unbelievably beautiful
Why? Why not? and perfect woman named Pandora, but she
4. Would you like to be a warrior in ancient had one weakness: she was very curious. What
times? Why? Why not? she needed was a short sharp shock, so Zeus
sent her a golden box and warned her not to
3 READING open it. Despite the warning, Pandora opened
the box. Many bad evils causing trouble to
a Scan the article below. Then tick (✔) the
items mentioned in the article. humanity such as drought, poverty, and sadness
Pandora’s Box Sparta flew out of the box. The only thing remained
in the box was hope. The moral message of the
Agamemnon Trojan Horse
myth is the danger of curiosity.
Romans Iliad and Odyssey
F In addition, theatres were popular in ancient
Socrates Zeus
Greek culture. The Greeks built huge, flawless
ANCESTORS OF WESTERN CULTURES amphitheatres and put on a mask during their
performances. The most known work of art
A The ideas and achievements of ancient was Homer’s epic poems “Iliad and Odyssey”.
Greece still affect us today. Democracy,
G The most well-known philosophers also
philosophy, dramatic tragedies, the Olympic lived in ancient Greek such as Socrates,
Games, and sculptures have their origins in Aristotle, and Plato. Aristotle and Plato were
the ancient Greece. Western culture was mostly Socrates’ students and followers.
shaped by the ideas of the ancient Greece.
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