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YDT • İngilizce 2. ADIM • 3. DENEME

61. Throughout history, the disciplines of cognitive 62. For decades, scholars believed that the earliest
neuroscience and behavioural economics have people to inhabit the Americas crossed the Bering
concentrated on the incredibly basic idea that Land Bridge after the Last Glacial Maximum,
making an effort is difficult most of the time. around 13,000 years ago, when the glaciers
When given a choice between two cognitive began to recede. The leaf-shaped spearheads
tasks, people obviously prefer to complete the they left behind show how extensively these
simpler one. They prefer to accept fewer rewards people were dispersed throughout North and
rather than having to work harder. ---- Not only South America. ---- Although these people
people but animals also appear to be subject to colonised a large portion of the Americas more
what scientists call the ‘rule of least effort’. A than ten thousand years ago and spread there,
maze’s mentally demanding challenges are also thanks to the new discoveries, it is evident that
avoided by rats. they were not the first people to live there.

A) Various studies have shown that animals are A) However, several discoveries have started to
inclined to put more effort into completing a task reveal flaws in the theory.
if they are provided with a reward. B) If so, numerous antiques and relics they left
B) Even if they do not receive additional rewards, behind might have been submerged.
people tend to look for harder assignments. C) Massive glaciers encircled the northern portion
C) According to a recent study, people are willing to of the Americas during the last ice age.
endure physical discomfort to avoid intellectually D) Recent investigations on the tools and skeletons
demanding tasks. have confirmed this hypothesis.
D) Scientists believe that our perception of E) On the contrary, those people were proven to
challenge determines the effort we put in to have expanded to another continent.
complete an assignment.
E) Consequently, human brain constantly weighs
the pros and cons to make decisions and take
actions.

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