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HIGH-FLYERS

                                                                     Speaking



                                                             a  Read the following quotation and its reported
                                                               form. Examine the changes in the second sentence.
             *  In  order  to  report  a  statement,  we  need  to   “Life has no limitations, except the ones you
                 change  the  verb  tenses  or  modals  as  well  as   make.”
                 the  pronouns,  places  and  time  expressions.                             ― Les BROWN
                 We  mainly  use  the  verbs  tell  and  say  while
                 reporting.
             *  You should note that say never has an object     Les  Brown  said  that  life  had  no  limitations,
                                                                 except the ones we make.
                 while tell always has an object. After both verbs,
                 using that is optional.

               Direct Speech        Indirect Speech          b  Work in pairs. Read the following quotes by famous
               “We live in London,”   He said (that) they      people and report them to your partner in turns.
               he said.             lived in London.
                                                               “The only source of knowledge is experience.”
               “I am cooking dinner   Clara told me (that)                                         ― Albert EINSTEIN
               now,” Clara said.    she was cooking            “Life is trying things to see if they work.”
                                    dinner then.                                           ― Ray BRADBURY
               “I haven’t called/   She said (that) she        “The biggest adventure you can take is to live the
               hadn’t called the    hadn’t called the          life of your dreams.”
               office,” she said.   office.                                                 ― Oprah WINFREY
               “We have been living   Daniel told me (that)    “No man’s knowledge can go beyond his
               here for a year,” Daniel  they had been living   experience.”
               said.                there for a year.                                               ― John LOCKE
               “I sold my house last   She said (that) she     “He who is not courageous enough to take risks
               month,” she said.    had sold her house
                                    the previous month.        will accomplish nothing in life.”
                                                                                      ― Muhammad Ali CLAY
               “We were playing     The boys told us (that)
               cards,” the boys said.  they had been playing   “In order to rise from its own ashes, a Phoenix
                                    cards.                     first must burn.”
                                                                                           ― Octavia E. BUTLER
               “I am going to visit   Jamie said (that) he
               them next week,”     was going to visit them    “Education is not preparation for life; education is
               Jamie said.          the following week.        life itself.”
               “They will talk/ would  We said (that) they                                    ― John DEWEY
               talk to you,” we said.  would talk to him/
                                    her.                     c  Write  three  sentences  about  life  and  the
               “We can solve/ could   They told me (that)       importance  of  experience  like  the  ones  in
               solve the problem,”   they could solve the       ‘Exercise b’.  Then, in groups of four, report your
               they said.           problem.                    sentences to one another.
               “You should see/     Clara said (that) I
               might see/ must see   should see/ might          1
               my dentist,” Clara said. see/ had to see her     2
                                    dentist.                    3




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