Page 105 - Dersler Cepte - English 12

Topic Summary - Adjectives / Adverbs & Comparisons

INTRODUCTION TO COMPARATIVES & SUPERLATIVES

Comparisons can be made using both adjectives and adverbs. We use the comparative form to compare two individuals, concepts,
or objects. When comparing three or more things, the superlative form containing the word “the” is used. In writing, comparatives and
superlatives are frequently utilized to strengthen or bolster words. In English, there are numerous ways to make comparisons, and they
are commonly made using comparatives and superlatives. You can compare nearly anything in English, but some of the most popular
comparison themes are appearance, personality, nations, places, cities, and trends.
CORE INFORMATION
1. Comparative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs

İki insanı, nesneyi veya yeri belirli özellikleri yönünden karşılaştırmak için “comparative” yapısı kullanılır. Karşılaştırma için kullanılan
sıfat veya zarfları uzunluklarını dikkate alarak farklı biçimde yazarız. Kullanılan sıfat veya zarf kısa ise sonuna ek alırken uzun bir sözcük
olması durumunda sıfattan önce “more” veya “less” kullanılır. Dikkat edilmesi gereken diğer nokta ise karşılaştırılan ikinci ögeden önce
“than” sözcüğü kullanımıdır.
Usages of Comparative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs

tek heceli Sonu “-e” ile Son üç harfi “sessiz
Sonu “sessiz harf + y” ile
sıfatların biten tek heceli + sesli + sessiz” ile Çok heceli sıfatlarda
biten tek heceli sıfatlara
sonuna sıfatların sonuna biten sıfatlara
“-er” eklenir, son
“-y” düşer yerine “-ier” Sıfattan önce more / less
Comparative -er sadece “-r” harf kendini tekrar
eklenir. gelir.
eder.
cold-colder large-larger thin-thinner busy-busier attractive-more attractive
Örnek
slow-slower safe-safer big-bigger happy-happier expensive-less expensive

Sonu “-ly” ile biten zarflar “more” ile kullanılır (early hariç).
cleverly- more cleverly carefully- more carefully quickly- more quickly
bravely- more bravely easily- more easily freely- more freely

▪ It is a well-known fact that sound waves pass through solid structures more easily than through the air.
▪ I am sorry for not having informed you about the case earlier.

Sonu “-ly” ile bitmeyen “fast”, “hard”, “late” zarfları “-er” takısı ile birlikte kullanılır.
▪ On seeing her mother after many years on her doorstep, Lisa felt that his heart was beating faster.
▪ The guests arrived later than we thought.
Sonu “-ed”, “-ing” ve “-s” ile biten kısa heceli sıfat fiiler “more” ile kullanılırlar.
Tired - more tired Tiring - more tiring
▪ Contrary to the common belief, online education is more tiring than face-to-face education.
▪ There would be nothing more boring than being in quarantine without doing anything.
Bazı sıfatlar hem “more” ile hem de sonlarına aldıkları “-er” takısı ile kullanılabilirler.
İki Heceli Sıfatlar “er” Takısı ile Kullanım “more” ile Kullanım
quiet quieter more quiet
simple simpler more simple
▪ The habit of moving around in large groups is commoner / more common in fish than in any other animal species.
▪ The exam we took yesterday was simpler / more simple than the one last week.
Irregular (düzensiz) sıfatlar daha önceki bölümlerde anlatılan ek alma kurallarına uymazlar.
good bad/badly little many much far old well
better worse less more more farther/further older/elder better
▪ I need some more time to complete the report on immigration.
▪ Their house was farther / further down the road than I thought.
▪ For further information, contact me, please. (further = more)

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