Page 111 - Grammar For YDT - 12

ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS & COMPARISON

1. Adjectives and Their Uses
Bir ismi ya da zamiri çeşitli yönlerden niteleyen kelimelere sıfat (adjective) denir. Sıfatlar varlıkların rengini, durumunu,
biçimini, sayısını veya miktarını belirtir ve isme ya da zamire sorulan “Nasıl?” sorusuna cevap verir.
Structure of Adjectives
Renk Durum Biçim Sayı Miktar
red apple new toy square field five lemons some bottles
Sıfatlar cümle içinde niteledikleri isimden önce veya “to be” fiilinden sonra kullanılır.
▪ The complex design of the ancient temple fascinated the archaeologists.
▪ The leader’s message was powerful, inspiring people to take action.
Video 6.1
Suffixes
Sıfat türeten ekler (suffixes), kök kelimenin türünü sıfata dönüştürerek kelimeye belirli bir anlam kazandırır.
SUFFIXES ADJECTIVES
-able / -ible suitable, predictable, agreeable, flammable, probable, illegible, credible, discernible
-al / -ial / -ical national, educational, mechanical, dental, practical, historical, financial, critical, logical
-ant / -ent ignorant, assistant, reliant, vigilant, dependent, consistent, different, abundant
-ful meaningful, useful, helpful, harmful, skilful, successful, hopeful, fanciful, grateful
-less careless, homeless, endless, speechless, fearless, hopeless, useless, restless
-ic poetic, heroic, iconic, historic, scientific, athletic, hygienic, photographic
-ous nervous, courageous, poisonous, mysterious, victorious, prestigious, rebellious
-ate affectionate, passionate
-ive creative, attractive, productive, expensive, objective, supportive, sensitive, cooperative
-ish selfish, yellowish, reddish, Spanish, childish
-ary contemporary, imaginary, military, disciplinary, dietary
-y cloudy, tasty, rainy, funny, dirty, messy, fruity, hairy, skinny, sunny
-some bothersome, troublesome, quarrelsome, tiresome, awesome
-ly quarterly, bimonthly, friendly, hourly, daily
-ist botanist, linguist, geologist
▪ The novel takes place in an imaginary world filled with magical creatures and hidden kingdoms.
▪ The factory uses mechanical arms to assemble products quickly and efficiently.
▪ The city has built new shelters to support homeless people during the winter months.
▪ The community organized a joyful celebration to mark the city’s anniversary.

Prefixes
Ön ekler (prefixes), bir kelimenin anlamını değiştirmek veya kelimeyi yeni bir türe dönüştürmek için kullanılır. Sıfat türetmek
için kullanılan ön eklerin bazıları olumsuzluk ya da zıtlık anlamı verirken bazıları kelimenin temel anlamını genişletir.

PREFIXES ADJECTIVES
un- unlucky, unfortunate, untidy, unwritten, uncomfortable, unbalanced, unjust, untrue
im- impassive, immature, immobile, impatient, immortal, immediate, impartial, impossible
ir- irresponsible, irresolute, irrefutable, irrelevant, irregular, irreplaceable, irrational
il- illegal, illogical, illegible, illegitimate, illiterate
in- inconvenient, independent, invisible, insane, incredible, inadequate
non- non-fat, non-verbal, non-fiction, non-toxic, non-political, non-neutral, nonessential
dis- disloyal, dissimilar, disordered, dishonest

▪ Some deep-sea creatures produce light to survive in the invisible depths of the ocean.
▪ The author’s latest non-fiction book explores the impact of climate change on global economies.
▪ The chair’s design made it incredibly uncomfortable to sit for long periods.
▪ Selling personal data without consent is considered illegal in many countries.

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