Page 134 - BACKUP ENGLISH | PREPARATORY CLASS

THEME 11 SCHOOL LIFE

Structure

HAVE TO – DON’T / DOESN’T HAVE TO
We use ‘have to’ to express a strong obligation.
We have to wear a seatbelt while driving.
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Rob has to finish this report by tomorrow morning.
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We use ‘don’t have to’ to state that there is no obligation or necessity.
You don’t have to come to the party if you don’t want to.
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Sally doesn’t have to work on Saturdays.
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MUST – MUSTN’T

We use ‘must’ to express necessity.
I must study for my exams if I want to pass.
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Joe must leave for the airport in half an hour to catch his flight.
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We use ‘mustn’t’ to express prohibition.
We mustn’t be late for class, or the teacher will get upset.
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You mustn’t speak to your classmates in a rude way.
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GERUND AND INFINITIVE

We use gerunds:
after certain verbs.
I enjoy listening to classical music.
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after prepositions.
My brother is good at playing the guitar.
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as the subject of a sentence.
Jogging is my favourite free-time activity.
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We use to + infinitives:
after certain verbs.
Richard hopes to pass the maths exam.
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after many adjectives.
It is easy to learn new things when you have a good teacher.
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to show purpose.
I’m going to the market to buy potatoes.
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We use infinitive without ‘to’:
after certain verbs.
Our teacher does not let us use our phones during class.
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after modal verbs.
You shouldn’t leave the class until the teacher dismisses you.
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TOO AND ENOUGH

‘Too’ and ‘enough’ state degrees with adjectives.
‘Too’ means more than what is needed.
I can’t carry this parcel. It’s too heavy.
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‘Enough’ means all right.
You are good enough to finish the race first.
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‘Enough’ may be before nouns.
We don’t have enough money to buy a car.
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132 English for Preparatory Class