Page 73 - Grammar For YDT - 11

PASSIVE VOICE & CAUSATIVES

A. How to Form Passive

Etken (active) yapıları, edilgen (passive) yapıya dönüştürmek için üç temel kural vardır:
1. Etken yapıdaki bir cümle edilgen yapıya dönüştürülürken dikkat edilmesi gereken öge, etken cümlenin nesnesidir.
Etken cümlenin nesnesi, edilgen yapıya dönüştüğünde artık o cümlenin öznesi durumuna gelir.
Active: Hundreds of travellers explore the Great Barrier Reef every summer.
Passive: The Great Barrier Reef is explored by hundreds of travellers every summer.
2. Edilgen cümlelerde her zaman fiilin “past participle” (V ya da -ed) hali kullanılır.
3
Extensive planning ought to be done before undertaking any major project.
During the orientation week, new employees are provided with information about company policies.
3. “Passive Voice” tablosunda da görüldüğü gibi, edilgen yapıda “be” fiili zaman göstergesidir, etken cümlenin zamanına
göre çekimlenir. Yani “be” fiili, “present” yapılarda am / is / are, “past” yapılarda was / were, “perfect” yapılarda been
ve “continuous” yapılarda ise, “be” fiilinin ardından being eklenerek kullanılır.
The Basilica Cistern Museum in İstanbul is visited by tourists from all over the world. (Present)
The film, Oppenheimer, was watched by thousands of people last week. (Past)
The charity event is being organised by the local community. (Continuous)
The new software has been installed on all computers in the office. (Perfect)
B. Usages of Passive Voice

Aşağıdaki durumlarda “Passive Voice” kullanılır.

Eylemi kimin gerçekleştirdiği bilinmiyorsa
The important documents are stored securely in the company’s vault.
Several stray cats were adopted in our neighbourhood.
Gerçekleştirilen eylem tüm insanları içeriyorsa
Social media platforms are used for communication and networking by millions of people.
English is spoken as a second language by millions of individuals across the globe.
Eylemin kim tarafından yapıldığı önemli değilse
The exclusive features of that application can only be activated with a premium membership.
The delicate balance of ecosystems is disrupted as a result of climate change.
Eylemi yapandan çok, eylemin kendisi vurgulanmak isteniyorsa
Trade in the past was conducted through established routes and networks.
Sustainable energy is used for powering homes and businesses and contributes to reducing carbon emissions.
Eylemi gerçekleştiren açıkça belli değil ise
Scientists in the DNA transformation research team have been accused of harming animals.
When the results were announced, the winner started to cry.

Bir işlem ve süreç anlatırken, talimatlarda
The machine is operated by pressing the green button while ensuring all safety precautions are observed.
During takeoff and landing, seatbelts must be fastened, and electronic devices must be kept in flight mode.

Resmi duyurularda
The new software version will be released to all users next Monday.
It has been announced that the exhibition of a diverse collection of contemporary masterpieces will be organised next
month.

Bilimsel metinlerde
The experimental data were carefully collected and recorded throughout the study period.
The reaction mixture was heated to 80°C for two hours to facilitate the chemical transformation.

71