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PASSIVE VOICE & CAUSATIVES

“Passive Gerund”, “being + past participle (V )” şeklinde oluşturulur.
3
The newly designed product is undergoing quality checks before being released to the market.
Nobody likes being interrupted during an important conversation.
Esas cümlenin fiili ile yan cümlenin fiili arasında zaman farkı varsa “having been + V ” kullanılır.
3
The young writer celebrated having been chosen as the winner of the prestigious literary competition.
The researcher appreciated having been given the opportunity to present her findings at the conference.

3. Passive Forms of Infinitive
Present Infinitive ve Perfect Infinitive yapılarına ilişkin etken (active) ve edilgen (passive) yapıların kullanımları
aşağıdaki tabloda yer almaktadır: Video 4.8

Active Passive

Present Infinitive to + bare infinitive (V ) to + be + past participle (V )
1 3
Perfect Infinitive to have + past participle (V ) to + have + been + past participle (V )
3 3

“Passive Infinitive” “to be + past participle (V )” şeklinde oluşturulur.
3
The monumental structures of Göbeklitepe are waiting to be visited by curious travellers from all over the world.

What motivates employees is to be praised for their hard work.
Esas cümlenin fiili ile yan cümlenin fiili arasında zaman farkı varsa “to have been + V ” kullanılır.
3
Clay tablets are known to have been utilised as a writing medium in ancient Mesopotamia.
The office supplies seem to have been misplaced, as the storage room is a mess.

DİKKAT!
“Need, require, want” fiilleri hem “verb + ing” hem de “to be + V ” ile edilgen yapılabilirler.
3
The car needs to be serviced before it can be driven for long distances.
The car needs servicing before it can be driven for long distances.
Our network servers require to be updated by the IT staff regularly for security purposes.
Our network servers require updating by the IT staff regularly for security purposes.

4. Reporting Verbs in Passive Voice
“Main clause + that clause” biçiminde iki bağlı cümleden oluşan yapılar, iki şekilde edilgen hâle getirilir:

Scientists have proved that magnesium supports bone health.
It has been proved that magnesium supports bone health.
Magnesium has been proved to support bone health.
Video 4.9
Yaygın olarak kullanılan dolaylı anlatım fiilleri (reporting verbs) aşağıdaki tabloda yer almaktadır:
allege consider expect know report show

assume declare feel observe reveal suppose

believe discover find presume say think

claim estimate intend prove see understand

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