Page 72 - Grammar For YDT - 11

PASSIVE VOICE & CAUSATIVES

PASSIVE VOICE

1. Structure of Passive Voice

A. How to Form Passive Sentences
Etken (active) yapıları, edilgen (passive) yapıya dönüştürmek için üç temel kural vardır:

1. Etken cümlenin nesnesi, edilgen yapıya dönüştüğünde artık o cümlenin öznesi durumuna gelir.
Active: Hundreds of travellers explore the Great Barrier Reef every summer.
Passive: The Great Barrier Reef is explored by hundreds of travellers every summer.
2. Edilgen cümlelerde her zaman fiilin “past participle” (V ) hâli kullanılır.
3
Extensive planning ought to be done before undertaking any major project.
During the orientation week, new employees are provided with information about company policies.
3. Edilgen yapıda “be” fiili zaman göstergesidir ve etken cümlenin zamanına göre çekimlenir. Yani “be” fiili, “present”
yapılarda am / is / are, “past” yapılarda was / were, “perfect” yapılarda have / has / had been ve “continuous”
yapılarda ise, “be” fiilinin ardından -ing eklenerek being şeklinde kullanılır.

The Basilica Cistern Museum in İstanbul is visited by tourists from all over the world. (Present)
The film, Oppenheimer, was watched by thousands of people in 2023. (Past)
The charity event is being organised by the local community. (Continuous)
The new software has been installed on all computers in the office. (Perfect)

B. Usages of Passive Voice

Aşağıdaki durumlarda “Passive Voice” kullanılır:
Eylemi kimin gerçekleştirdiği bilinmiyorsa:
The important documents are stored securely in the company’s vault.
Video 4.1
Several stray cats were adopted in our neighbourhood.
Gerçekleştirilen eylem, tüm insanları içeriyorsa:

Social media platforms are used for communication and networking by millions of people.
English is spoken as a second language by millions of individuals across the globe.
Eylemin kim tarafından yapıldığı önemli değilse:
The exclusive features of that application can only be activated with a premium membership.

Penicillin was discovered by accident during a laboratory experiment.
Eylemi yapandan çok, eylemin kendisi vurgulanmak isteniyorsa:
Trade in the past was conducted through established routes and networks.
Sustainable energy is used for powering homes and businesses and contributes to reducing carbon emissions.
Eylemi gerçekleştiren zaten biliniyor ve belirtilmeye gerek duyulmuyorsa:
The bank robbers, whom the police had been tracking for a long time, were caught and the gang was disbanded.

When the results were announced, the winner started to cry.
Bir işlem ve süreç anlatırken, talimatlarda:
The machine is operated by pressing the green button while ensuring all safety precautions are observed.
During takeoff and landing, seatbelts must be fastened, and electronic devices must be kept in flight mode.

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