Page 100 - Grammar For YDT - 12

PASSIVE VOICE & CAUSATIVES

3. Passive Gerund
Active Passive

Gerund verb + ing (V ) being + past participle (V )
ing 3

Perfect Gerund having + past participle (V ) having + been + past participle (V )
3 3

“Passive gerund”, “being + past participle (V )” şeklinde oluşturulur.
3
▪ The little kid is waiting in the school garden for being taken home.
Video 5.7
▪ Do you remember his being awarded with a watch due to winning the contest?

Esas cümlenin fiili ile yan cümlenin fiili arasında zaman farkı varsa “having been + V ” kullanılır.
3
▪ Only about a third of patients in the survey recalled having been advised to keep track of how often they used their
inhalers.

▪ Students denied having been warned against the use of smartphones during school hours.

4. Passive Infinitive Video 5.8

Active Passive

Present Infinitive to + infinitive to + be + past participle (V )
3

Perfect Infinitive to have + past participle (V ) to + have + been + past participle (V )
3 3

“Passive infinitive” “to be + past participle (V )” şeklinde oluşturulur.
3
▪ Many infectious diseases are known to be caused by airborne viruses that spread easily.

▪ What makes us proud of ourselves is to be appreciated and to know that we are worth somebody else’s appreciation.

Esas cümlenin fiili ile yan cümlenin fiili arasında zaman farkı varsa “to have been + V ” kullanılır.
3
▪ Papyrus is known to have been used thousands of years ago in ancient Egypt.

▪ My locker appears to have been tampered because it is really in a mess.

DİKKAT!!!

Sonu “-ly” ile biten her sözcük zarf değildir.

“Need, require, want” fiilleri hem “verb + ing” hem de “to be + V ” ile edilgen yapılabilir.
3
▪ The house needs to be renovated a bit before you move in.

The house needs renovating a bit before you move in.

▪ All gas fires and central heating boilers require to be serviced once a year.
All gas fires and central heating boilers require servicing once a year.

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