Page 99 - Grammar For YDT - 12

PASSIVE VOICE & CAUSATIVES

Bir işlem ve süreç anlatırken talimatlarda,
▪ The cheesecake is taken out of the oven and placed on a shelf to cool while you prepare the topping.
▪ If you get a premium membership for a digital library, a notification e-mail is sent to you when your name is mentioned
in an academic study.
Resmi duyurularda,

▪ The new subway route connecting the airport to the city centre will be opened at the weekend.
▪ The annual conference will be held on December 15 at the convention centre.
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Bilimsel metinlerde,
▪ The latest research has revealed that damage on the ozone layer has been patched up with the precautions taken.
▪ When heat is transferred by molecular collision, it is referred to as “heat transfer by convection”.

DİKKAT!!!
Geçişsiz (nesne almayan) fiiller edilgen yapılamaz.
▪ If you do not want to be late for the flight, we should leave now.
Video 5.4
▪ It was almost midnight by the time we arrived home.
Hem geçişli hem de geçişsiz olarak kullanılabilen bazı fiiller, geçişli yapıda kullanıldıklarında edilgen yapıya
dönüştürülebilir. (Ergative Verbs)
▪ The local health clinic opens at 09.00 a.m. on weekdays. (Intransitive - No Passive)
▪ The building attendant opens the clinic before the other staff arrive. (Transitive - Active)
▪ The clinic is opened before the other staff arrive. (Passive)

“Resemble, lack, consist, become, have, contain” gibi fiiller, geçişli olmalarına rağmen edilgen yapıda
kullanılmazlar.
▪ Junk food contains too many harmful substances, especially for the physical development of children during their
growing up period.

Etken bir cümlede fiilin “direct” (dolaysız) ve “indirect” (dolaylı) olmak üzere iki nesnesi var ise
cümle iki farklı şekilde edilgen (passive) yapılabilir, ancak genellikle dolaylı nesne edilgen cümlenin
öznesi olur. Video 5.5
▪ The government awarded my sister a scholarship so that she could continue her education abroad. (Active)

▪ My sister was awarded a scholarship by the government so that she could continue her education abroad.
▪ A scholarship was awarded to my sister by the government so that she could continue her education abroad.

Edilgen cümlede eylemi gerçekleştiren önemli ise “by” edatı ile birlikte belirtilir. Şayet eylem bir kişi tarafından
değil de bir nesne yoluyla gerçekleşiyorsa “by” yerine “with” kullanılır.
▪ The old city was restored by a construction and restoration company.

▪ The door was smashed open with a hammer. Video 5.6
Eylemi yapanın belirtilmesi önemli değilse, bilinmiyorsa veya yapanın kimliği yaygın olarak biliniyorsa “by”
kullanılmaz.
▪ The old city has been restored for five years.
Eylemi gerçekleştirenin önemli olmadığı durumlarda “it” ve “there” sıklıkla kullanılır.

▪ It was decided to provide students with the opportunity to select courses based on their interests.
▪ There are expected to be changes in the company’s policies by the management.

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