Page 98 - Grammar For YDT - 12

PASSIVE VOICE & CAUSATIVES

Etken (active) yapıları, edilgen (passive) yapıya dönüştürmek için 3 temel kural vardır:
1. Etken (active) yapıda bir cümle passive (edilgen) yapıya dönüştürülürken dikkat edilmesi gereken öge, etken cümlenin
nesnesidir. Etken cümlenin nesnesi, edilgen yapıya dönüştüğünde artık o cümlenin öznesi durumuna gelir.

Active: Thousands of people visit the Taj Mahal every spring.
Passive: The Taj Mahal is visited by thousands of people every spring.

2. “Passive” cümlelerde her zaman fiilin “past participle” (V ) hali kullanılır.
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▪ At the beginning of the academic year, students are informed of the campus facilities, social clubs as well as rules
of the academy.
▪ Not only considerable physical effort but also a large sum of money will be spent to implement that international rap
festival.

3. “Passive voice” tablosunda da görüldüğü gibi, edilgen yapıda “be” fiili zaman göstergesidir, etken cümlenin zamanına
göre çekimlenir. Yani “be” fiili, “present” yapılarda am / is / are, “past” yapılarda was / were, “perfect” yapılarda been
ve “continuous” yapılarda ise “be” fiilinin arkasından being olarak kullanılır.

▪ The food production area is disinfected every day. (present)
▪ Those houses were built in 2000 after the devastating flood. (past)

▪ His car is being examined by technicians to determine its market value. (continuous)
▪ Rector elections have been resulted in the most unexpected candidate’s victory. (perfect)

2. The Use of Passive Voice

“Passive Voice” yapısı aşağıdaki durumlarda kullanılmaktadır:

Eylemi kimin gerçekleştirdiği bilinmiyorsa,
▪ The main theatrical components, including staging, costumes, and acting, are used to depict the drama in opera.

▪ Every year, scholarships are awarded to hundreds of deserving students.
Gerçekleştirilen eylem insanların çoğunluğunu ya da tamamını içeriyorsa,

▪ Smartphones are used as a tool for entertainment by millions.

▪ Online shopping is used all around the world with a lot of benefits.
Eylemin kim tarafından yapıldığı önemli değilse,

▪ 4K broadcasts can only be viewed with a compatible device.
▪ Different methods are being researched to prevent global warming.

Eylemi yapandan çok, eylemin kendisi vurgulanmak isteniyorsa,

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▪ By the beginning of the 21 century, millions of trees in the rainforest had been destroyed.
▪ Nuclear energy has been used safely in a few countries for many years.

Eylemi gerçekleştiren açıkça belli ise,
▪ Scientists doing research on DNA transformation have been accused of harming animals by the advocates of
animal rights.
▪ Romeo and Juliet, one of the most famous stories of all time, was written by William Shakespeare.

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