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If & Wish clauses

IF CLAUSES - (CONDITIONALS) WISH CLAUSES
▪ Type 0 (Zero Conditional) ▪ Type 1 (First Conditional) ▪ Type 2 (Second Conditional) ▪ Wishes about the present

▪ Type 3 (Third Conditional) ▪ Mixed Types of If Clauses ▪ Other Conditionals ▪ Wishes about the past
▪ Implied Conditionals ▪ Inverted Conditionals ▪ As If / As Though ▪ Wishes about the future
▪ If only
Bu ünitede aşağıdaki konuları öğreneceksiniz:

• Type 0 (zero conditional) in sentences
- If something goes wrong with the machine, an error code flashes on its screen.
• Type 1 (first conditional) in sentences
- If the authorities take the necessary steps to improve agriculture, they will not have to import wheat or
corn from other countries.
• Type 2 (second conditional) in sentences
- The sea level would be nearly 70 metres higher than it is now if all the ice across Antarctica, Greenland, and
mountain glaciers worldwide melted.
• Type 3 (third conditional) in sentences
- If NATO hadn’t intervened in the problem between two neighbouring countries on time, a political conflict
could have broken out.
• Mixed types of if clauses in sentences
- If excavations in Kültepe hadn’t unearthed the cuneiform clay tablets, the oldest written documents, Kültepe
wouldn’t currently be the starting point of Anatolia’s history. (present consequence)
- If Istanbul weren’t in a strategic position, acting as a bridge between the continents of Asia and Europe, it
would not have been besieged by many states and become the capital of different empires. (unreal past
consequence)
• Other conditionals in sentences
- Even if technological developments offer quick and innovative solutions in every aspect of life, their
acceptance by society may take some time.
- Provided that students have a GPA higher than 3.00, their scholarships are renewed unconditionally.
• Implied conditionals in sentences
- The authorities must act immediately to stop the sewage released into the Severn River in Britain, or it will
be too late to recover it.
• Inverted conditionals in sentences
- Should anyone want to be a professional athlete, he must have exceptional natural talent and discipline, in
addition to being highly physically fit.
• As if / as though in sentences
- The second team to travel to the Chinese space station will focus on building equipment and facilities around
the space station as if they were building a city.
• Wish clauses about the present in sentences
- Jorge wishes he could speak and write in French as fluently as you can.
• Wish clauses about the past in sentences
- Well, I see that we don’t have a meeting today. I wish I had received a call earlier. I have come all the way
for nothing!
• Wish clauses about the future in sentences
- Local people wish the air pollution problem caused by the factories in the region would be solved anytime
soon.
• If only in sentences
- If only I could do something to relieve your pain after the anaesthesia wears off.

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