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w EXERCISES – If & Wish Clauses
A) B) C)
1. is / may be / might be 1. or else 1. or
2. had not invented 2. Even if 2. whether
3. looked 3. on condition that 3. if it hadn’t been for
4. use / share 4. only if 4. If
5. would not have been 5. unless 5. as long as
6. would not have emerged 6. if 6. Suppose that
7. should reduce 7. without 7. If it weren’t for
8. would not know 8. otherwise 8. in the event that
D) E) G)
1. Unless you take 1. Unless you take 1. Unless you take
2. prefer to prescribe antibiotics 2. prefer to prescribe 2. prefer to prescribe
3. do not submit a good 3. do not submit a good 3. do not submit a good
4. If you want to 4. If you want to 4. If you want to
5. If it weren’t for 5. If it weren’t for 5. If it weren’t for
F)
1. Had it not been for NASA’s accidental recording of the moon landing, there would have been no discussion on this
event right now. would be
2. Our brain uses 20 per cent of the oxygen in each breath we take; therefore, if it was left without oxygen for 4-6 minutes,
irreparable damage will begin to occur in it. is
3. Only a select few creatures have colour vision, including humans. For instance, if you are a horse, you would only see
things in black and white. were
4. It is ocean currents that make the Earth’s climate more bearable and habitable. If you take the salt of the oceans, these
currents disappear. took / would disappear
5. Even if we cannot see our surroundings in a completely dark environment, the ability of our eyes to adapt would allow
us to get used to the darkness soon. allows
w EXERCISES – Relative Clauses
A)
1. Researchers who work at various universities in the USA published an article in scientific journals claiming that Saturn had another large moon in the
distant past.
2. We use some pills which discover the painful area of the body as a result of chemical processes to relieve the pain in our bodies.
3. Horses, whose extraordinary ability to sleep standing up protects them against predators in the wild, have five different sleep stages, some light and
some deep.
4. The ancient city of Myndos has been unearthed on Rabbit Island, which is close to the shore.
5. 3.300 BC is an estimated year when writing was invented.
6. The reason why users choose mobile apps is to make their lives easier and find solutions to their problems.
B) C)
1. For long-lasting friendships, it is important to find someone safe with whom you can share your thoughts and feelings. 1. whose 5. which
2. Researchers especially focused on the speed at which the brain readjusted its activity to treat unknown words. 2. which 6. who
3. Electricity is an important energy source on which we depend to run civilization. 3. which 7. why
4. China is Saudi Arabia’s main client from which it imports 70 billion dollars worth of oil per year. 4. where 8. which /that
5. Nannies must commit to making a positive difference in the lives of the children for whom they care.
D)
1. The Lycians were considered an important part of the maritime trade carried out on the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts in the world of that day.
2. The olive, growing intensively in the Mediterranean basin and lives for 1,000–3,000 years, is defined as an “immortal tree” and its oil as “liquid gold” due
to its long life.
3. The platypus, having existed for about 100 million years, is an unusual animal with many features.
4. Maglev trains, travelling on rails but in the air, thanks to the electromagnetic force, are only used in China, Japan, and South Korea today.
5. According to various sources and documents, copper was the first metal to be used in 8000–7000 BC in the Anatolian region.
6. At the end of the day, everybody needs somewhere to rest and somebody to talk to peacefully.
7. Money is the only means to be utilised for our needs in today’s world, unlike ancient times when different items such as sea shells, animals, and
products were used.
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