Page 107 - Konu Özetleri YDT İngilizce

REPORTED SPEECH

Tense Changes in Reported Speech
Direct Speech Indirect Speech Direct Speech Indirect Speech
YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT
Simple Present Past Simple Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Simple (Will) would
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Simple (be going to) was / were going to
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Continuous would be V
ing
Past Simple Past Perfect Future Perfect would have + V
3
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous would have + been + V
ing
Past Perfect Past Perfect

♦ “We have measured the effects of pollution on local water sources.”
The scientist reported that they had measured the effects of pollution on local water sources.
♦ “We will need to address the impacts of climate change on agriculture.”
The environmentalist argued that they would need to address the impacts of climate change on agriculture.

Reported Speech Without Tense Change
Bilimsel gerçekler, genel doğrular ve kurallar reported speech ile aktarılırken zaman değişikliği yapılmaz.
♦ “The human body is made up of approximately 70% water.”
The expert said that the human body is made up of approximately 70% water.
Aktarma fiili Simple Present, Present Perfect, Simple Future ise, aktarılan cümlenin zamanında herhangi bir
değişiklik yapılmaz.
♦ “I am currently researching the impact of social media on mental health,” has said the researcher.
The researcher has said that he is currently researching the impact of social media on mental health.
Aktarılan cümledeki would, would rather, would prefer, would like gibi içinde would olan yapılar reported
speech yapısında kullanılırken değişikliğe uğramaz.
♦ “We would prefer not to discuss that topic.”
They said they would prefer not to discuss that topic.
♦ “I would like to see the wildlife of the Sahara.’’
Our geography teacher said he would like to see the wildlife of the Sahara.
If Clause Type-1 cümleleri, dolaylı anlatımda (reported / indirect speech) bir derece geçmiş zaman (past) olarak kullanılır.
Buna karşın, Type-2 ve Type-3 cümleleri dolaylı anlatımda zaman yapıları değiştirilmeden aynı şekilde kullanılır.
♦ “If it rains, we will stay inside.”
He said that if it rained, they would stay inside.
♦ “If I had more time, I would learn a new language.”
She said that if she had more time, she would learn a new language.
Modal yapılar dolaylı anlatımda tabloda belirtildiği gibidir. Yanında * olan modal yapılarda değişiklik yapılmaz.

Other Changes in Reported Speech
Direct Speech Indirect Speech Direct Speech Indirect Speech
will would don't have to didn’t have to

am / is / are going to was / were going to should / ought to / had better* should / ought to / had better

can could may might
could* could might* might
must / have to had to used to* used to

♦ “It might be possible to reduce the effects of deforestation by planting more trees,” said the conservationist.
The conservationist said that it might be possible to reduce the effects of deforestation by planting more trees.
ENGLISH - YDT MEBİ KONU ÖZETLERİ 107