Page 149 - Grammar For YDT - 11

GERUNDS, INFINITIVES & PARTICIPLES

before
Kısaltma yaparken “before” atılmaz.

Active:
Before the Turkish national women’s volleyball team won the European Championship, they had trained
intensively for months.

Before winning the European Championship, the Turkish national women’s volleyball team had trained intensively
for months.

Passive:
Before the students were informed about the school rules, they were gathered in the school garden.
Before being informed about the school rules, the students were gathered in the school garden.
while

Kısaltma yapılırken “while” atılabilir.
Active:
While the mayor was visiting Edirne, he was fascinated by the city’s rich history and stunning architecture.
While visiting Edirne, the mayor was fascinated by the city’s rich history and stunning architecture.
Visiting Edirne, the mayor was fascinated by the city’s rich history and stunning architecture.
Passive:

While the building was being constructed, it was opposed by local people due to its unattractive appearance.
While being constructed, the building was opposed by local people due to its unattractive appearance.
when
Active:
Arka arkaya gerçekleşen olayları bağlıyorsa “on / upon + doing” kullanılır.

When the scientists identified a new trait of the organism, they conducted further experiments to understand its
significance better.

Upon / On identifying a new trait of the organism, the scientists conducted further experiments to understand its
significance better.
“While” anlamında kullanıldığında kısaltma “when + doing” olarak yapılır.

When the players were training for the game, they were listening to motivational songs.
When training for the game, the players were listening to motivational songs.
Passive:
When the project is approved by the committee, it can officially begin.
When approved by the committee, the project can officially begin.
since
“… -den beri” anlamında kullanılır ve “since + doing / being done” şeklinde kısaltılır.

Active:
Since the doctor examined the patient three months ago, he has been waiting for her to return.
Since examining the patient three months ago, the doctor has been waiting for her to return.
Passive:
Since the text was submitted to the editors, it has been peer-reviewed.

Since being submitted / having been submitted to the editors, the text has been peer-reviewed.

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