Page 145 - Grammar For YDT - 11

GERUNDS, INFINITIVES & PARTICIPLES

consider
“consider” fiili, “gerund” yapısıyla kullanılmalıdır. Ancak, passive yapıda ise “to infinitive” ile kullanılır.
The officer will consider sending the necessary documents once they are ready for review.

The necessary documents will be considered to send once they are ready for review by the officer.
“need / want / require” + gerund (active form – passive meaning)

“need / want / require” + to + be + past participle (passive form – passive meaning)
“need / want / require” + to infinitive (active form – active meaning)
The old house has seen better days, so it needs renovating / to be renovated to bring it back to its former glory.
(We need to have the house renovated.)

The weathered fence in the backyard requires painting / to be painted to prevent further damage.

PARTICIPLES (REDUCTION OF CLAUSES)

Aşağıdaki yapıların bulunduğu yan cümlelerde kısaltma yapabiliriz.
Video 7.15 Video 7.16
Time Clauses Reason Clauses Condition Clauses Concession Clauses
after because if although
before as unless though
while since as if
when whether … or not
since
until
as soon as
once

1. Reduction of Time Clauses

Zaman bildiren cümlecikleri, etken ve edilgen cümlelerde kısaltma yaparak kullanabiliriz.

after Video 7.17
“After” kısaltmada atılabilir.
Active:
After the historian conducted extensive archival research, he analysed the primary source documents.
After conducting / having conducted extensive archival research, the historian analysed the primary source
documents.
Conducting / Having conducted extensive archival research, the historian analysed the primary source documents.
Passive:
After the active learning approach was / had been applied in several schools, it was formally adopted by the
education department.
After being applied / having been applied in several schools, the active learning approach was formally adopted
by the education department.
Being applied / Having been applied in several schools, the active learning approach was formally adopted by the
education department.

143