Page 148 - Grammar For YDT - 11

GERUNDS, INFINITIVES & PARTICIPLES

ENGLISH need / want / require

“Need”, “want” ve “require” fiilleri hem “to infinitive” hem “gerund” ile kullanılabilir. Ancak “gerund” ile
kullanıldığında yapıca etken olmasına rağmen anlamca edilgendir.
“need / want / require” + gerund (active form – passive meaning)

“need / want / require” + to + be + past participle (passive form – passive meaning)
“need / want / require” + to infinitive (active form – active meaning)
The old house has seen better days, so it needs renovating / to be renovated to bring it back to its former glory.
(We need to have the house renovated.)
The weathered fence in the backyard requires painting / to be painted to prevent further damage.

PARTICIPLES (REDUCTION OF CLAUSES)

Participles, yan cümlecikleri kısaltmak için kullanılır. Özellikle zaman (time), neden-sonuç (reason
and result), karşıtlık (concession), koşul (conditional) ve sıfat cümlecikleri (relative clauses) gibi
yapılarda bağlaçları kaldırıp fiili “participle” a dönüştürerek daha akıcı cümleler elde edilir.
Aşağıdaki tabloda, yan cümlelerinde kısaltma yapılabilen yapılar yer almaktadır: Video 7.15 Video 7.16

Time Clauses Reason Clauses Condition Clauses Concession Clauses
after
before
while because if
when as unless although
since since as if though
until whether ... or not
as soon as
once

1. Reduction of Time Clauses

Zaman bildiren yan cümlecikler, etken ve edilgen yapılarda kısaltılarak kullanılabilir.
after Video 7.17

“After” kısaltmada atılabilir.
Active:

After the historian conducted extensive archival research, he analysed the primary source documents.
After conducting / having conducted extensive archival research, the historian analysed the primary source
documents.

Conducting / Having conducted extensive archival research, the historian analysed the primary source documents.
Passive:
After the active learning approach was / had been applied in several schools, it was formally adopted by the
education department.
After being applied / having been applied in several schools, the active learning approach was formally adopted
by the education department.
Being applied / Having been applied in several schools, the active learning approach was formally adopted by the
education department.

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