Page 140 - Grammar For YDT - 11

GERUNDS, INFINITIVES & PARTICIPLES

ENGLISH “Perfect Gerund”, “having + past participle” yapısı ile kullanılır ve bu eylemin, cümledeki eylemden daha

önce gerçekleştiğini gösterir.
The professor was awarded an honorary prize for having spent years educating students with disabilities.

The Turkish national women’s volleyball team, Sultans of the Net, was proud of having won the European
Championship.
“Passive Perfect Gerund”, “having been + past participle’’ yapısı ile kullanılır ve öznenin bir eyleme maruz
kaldığını ve bu eylemin, cümledeki eylemden önce gerçekleştiğini gösterir.
Cars are not put on sale without having been subjected to safety tests.

Having been accepted to an accredited educational institution abroad makes it easier for you to get a student visa.

INFINITIVES
1. Infinitives as the Subject and Subject Complement

A. Özne olarak (as the subject of a sentence)
Video 7.6
“Infinitive” bir fiilin başına “to” getirilerek (to infinitive) ya da fiilin yalın hâli (bare infinitive) kullanılarak oluşturulan bir fiilimsidir.

To do your best with all your good intentions will lead you to success.
Teachers should let their students speak to improve their communication skills.
“To infinitive” cümlenin öznesi olarak kullanılabilir.
To achieve one’s dreams requires determination and firm commitment.
“To infinitive” cümlenin öznesi ise fiil, tekil özneye uygun çekimlenmelidir. Ancak “and’’ ile bağlanan birden
fazla “to infinitive” varsa çoğul özneye uygun çekimlenmelidir.
To understand the complexities of human behaviour is a lifelong effort for psychologists.
To explore the depths of the ocean and to uncover its mysteries demand advanced technology.

B. Öznenin tamamlayıcısı olarak (as subject complement)

“Subject complement’’, “be” fiili ile özneyi tamamlamak için kullanılır. Sadece bir sözcükten ya da birden fazla
sözcüğün oluşturduğu bir sözcük grubundan oluşabilir.
One of the most rewarding experiences in life is to appreciate the beauty of nature.

C. “It” öznesinden sonra infinitive kullanımı

Bu cümlelerde özne olarak “it” kullanılır ancak cümlenin gerçek öznesi fiilden sonra gelmektedir.
It + be + adjective + (for somebody) + to infinitive
It is important (for students) to stay motivated in order to achieve their goals.
It + be + noun + (for somebody) + to infinitive

It is a pleasure (for someone) to travel the world and experience different cultures.
It + be + adjective + of + noun / pronoun + to infinitive
It is thoughtful of you, as a young businessperson, to spend your time on charitable causes.

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