Page 197 - Grammar For YDT - 11

NOUN CLAUSES & REPORTED SPEECH

Tense Changes in Reported Speech

Direct Speech Indirect Speech Example

The Simple Present The Past Simple Tense “I swim on Saturdays,” he said. † He said (that) he swam on
Tense Saturdays.

The Present Continuous The Past Continuous “I am swimming right now,” she said. † She said (that) she was
Tense Tense swimming right then.

The Present Perfect The Past Perfect Tense “We have passed the exam,” they said. † They said (that) they
Tense had passed the exam.

“I have been practising the piano for several months,” she
The Present Perfect The Past Perfect said. † She said (that) she had been practising the piano for
Continuous Tense Continuous Tense
several months.

“I visited the museum last week,” he said. † He said (that) he
The Simple Past Tense The Past Perfect Tense
had visited the museum the previous week.

The Past Continuous The Past Perfect “I was cooking dinner when he called,” he said. † He said
Tense Continuous Tense (that) he had been cooking dinner when he called.

“I had cleaned the house before the guests arrived,” she said.
The Past Perfect Tense The Past Perfect Tense † She said (that) she had cleaned the house before the
guests arrived.
“I had been studying for an hour when the electricity went out,”
The Past Perfect The Past Perfect
Continuous Tense Continuous Tense he said. † He said (that) he had been studying for an hour
when the electricity went out.

The Simple Future Would “I will complete the project next week,” she said. † She said
Tense (that) she would complete the project the following week.

The Future Continuous Would be V “I will be attending the conference at that time,” he said. † He
Tense ing said (that) he would be attending the conference at that time.

The Future Perfect Would have + V “I will have graduated from college by then,” she said. † She
Tense 3 said (that) she would have graduated from college by then.

The Future Perfect Would have + been + V “I will have been travelling for three months,” he said. † He
Continuous Tense ing said (that) he would have been travelling for three months.

Direct Speech : “They have discovered a new species of orchid in the rainforest.”

Reported Speech: The botanist reported that they had discovered a new species of orchid in the rainforest.
Direct Speech : “The forest was destroyed by wildfires.”
Reported Speech: The ecologists reported that the forest had been destroyed by wildfires.
Direct Speech : “We will have to find a solution to the plastic pollution crisis.”
Reported Speech : The environmentalists emphasised that they would have to find a solution to the plastic pollution
crisis.

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