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Exercises

A) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Cyanogen iodide is a toxic substance; if you inhale or ingest it, it …………. (be) fatal.
2. Many of the devices we use today would not have been discovered if electricity …………………… (invent), so our
lives would have been more difficult.
3. If you ………………………. (look) at the Sun from the surface of Venus, you would see the Sun 1.5 times larger
than what you see from Earth.
4. You can get unwanted messages if you ……………………….. (use) forums or ………………. (share) personal
information online.
5. There …………………………………… (be) so many scientific discoveries and studies in the past if human nature
weren’t inquisitive.
6. If people in ancient Mesopotamia had not taken their pets with them as they spread around the world, the cat
breeds seen in different parts of the world today …………………………………. (emerge).
7. You …………………………. (reduce) your intake of dietary cholesterol if you have diabetes or a cardiovascular
disease.
8. If the Americas had never been discovered, we ……………………………. (know) today about some foods such as
tomatoes, potatoes, and corn.
B) Choose the correct option.
1. The body needs oxygen to function properly, supposing that / or else the cells will start to shrink and fold up.
2. On condition that / Even if rapid remedial steps are taken, the Earth can no longer support life due to the extreme
environmental damage produced by humans.
3. Coffee contributes to the revitalisation of the gastrointestinal tract on condition that / whether there are no
problems with the stomach.
4. Kangaroos are peaceful animals; they attack in case / only if you invade their territory.
5. Technology by itself has no use unless / even if it helps people in many different aspects of life.
6. Exercise is only effective if / supposing it is combined with a healthy diet.
7. Personal data cannot be processed in case of / without the explicit consent of the person concerned.
8. You need to buy your plane ticket one month in advance; if so / otherwise, you will have to pay a lot of money.

C) Complete the sentences with the expressions in the boxes.
whether as long as in the event that if it hadn’t been for or suppose that if if it weren’t for
1. Nearly all manufacturers guarantee that you will be satisfied with their services, ………………… they will issue a
full refund.
2. We have decided to proceed with the outdoor event as scheduled ………………… the weather gets colder.
3. Science would not have reached the level it has today …………………………. the scientific research and advances
during the Renaissance period.
4. …………………… eye diseases are not treated or early signs are disregarded, they can worsen.
5. Third parties can gain access to your personal information ………………………… they are business partners of the
company to which you give consent to use it.
6. ……………………….. you ran out of batteries on the mountain while hiking, how would you communicate with the
others in your group?
7. ………………… the atmosphere, our planet would be as dry and lifeless as our nearest neighbours in the solar system.
8. Taking supplements may be necessary …………………….. the body cannot receive the proper nutrients from foods.

D) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given unchanged. You must use between three and five words, including the word given.
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1. If we do not take immediate action, the global temperature will likely rise by more than 2 C, with serious consequences.
Unless ……………………………………………………………. necessary precautions, the global temperature will
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likely rise by more than 2 C, with serious consequences.
2. Most of the doctors do not prefer to prescribe antibiotics unless they are absolutely necessary.
prefer Most of the doctors ………………………………………………. on condition that they are absolutely necessary.
3. Your scholarship application to foreign universities will be evaluated on the condition that you submit a good
graduation GPA, language proficiency certificate, and letter of intent.
do not If you ………………………………………………………………. graduation GPA, language proficiency
certificate, and letter of intent, your scholarship application to foreign universities will not be evaluated.

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