Page 186 - Grammar For YDT - 12

CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITION WORDS

hardly ever / seldom
“Neredeyse hiç, nadiren” anlamlarına gelirler.
▪ My daughter can hardly ever / seldom call me because she is on an Arctic expedition.
as / than
Karşılaştırmada kullanılan bu yapılardan sonra devrik cümle yapılabilir.
▪ In 2011, China was hit by a series of floods, and the central parts of the country were severely affected by the floods,
as were the southern regions of the country.
▪ Some people think that spinach contains much more iron than does beef.
“Than” ile yapılan karşılaştırmalarda ikinci cümlenin fiili “be” ise ikinci cümlede devrik yapı kullanılmaz.
▪ Considering the reviews, the third season of the series is more thrilling than the previous ones.
“Than” ile yapılan karşılaştırmalarda her iki cümlede de özne aynı ise devrik cümle yapılmaz.
▪ The manager of the company listened to the employees’ financial problems and increased their salaries more than
he did last year.
not until / not till
“-e kadar -i yapmamak” anlamında kullanılırlar.
▪ The trains will not be able to operate until / till the damage is repaired.
▪ Not until / till the damage is repaired will the trains be able to operate.
not since
Bu yapı Türkçe’ye “-den beri ... -madı / -medi” şeklinde çevrilebilir.
▪ Not since the discovery of penicillin has there been such a breakthrough in the field of antibiotics.
only if

“Kaydıyla, ancak, eğer … -sa” anlamlarına gelir.
▪ Liability insurance protects you and pays for other people’s injuries or property damage only if you are at fault for an
accident.
▪ Only if you are at fault for an accident does liability insurance protect you and pay for other people’s injuries or
property damage.
only when / only then / only later
“Ancak sonrasında” ve “ancak o zaman” anlamlarına gelirler.
▪ Members of the city council thought everything was going smoothly at first. Only when things took a turn for the
worse were they able to realise the gravity of the situation.
▪ Members of the city council thought everything was going smoothly at first, but things took a turn for the worse. Only
then / Only later were they able to realise the gravity of the situation.
only by + gerund & only with + noun / gerund
“Sadece ... ile” anlamına gelirler.
▪ The world’s climate crisis can be overcome only by taking global action.
▪ The mayor will only remove the old statue from the town’s square with the consent of the citizens.
▪ Only with the consent of the citizens will the mayor remove the old statue from the town’s square.
not only … but also …
İki cümleyi birleştirdiğinde “not only” cümlenin başında bulunuyorsa ilk cümle devrik olmalıdır. Ancak cümle
başında iki özneyi bağlıyorsa cümle devrik olmaz. Fiilin tekil ya da çoğul kullanımını belirlemek için yükleme
yakın özneye bakılır.
▪ Not only did the surgeon operate successfully on the patient, but she also dealt with the complications with great
care.
▪ Not only our department but also the entire company will be negatively affected if the project fails.

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