Page 181 - Grammar For YDT - 12
P. 181

CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITION WORDS


        instead of / rather than
            “… yerine” ve “… den ziyade” anlamlarına gelirler.
           ▪ People should strive to take responsibility for their actions and learn from their mistakes instead of / rather than
             making excuses.
        C. Transitional Words and Phrases
        Karşıt anlam bildiren kelime ya da kelime gruplarıdır. Genel olarak “ancak, buna rağmen, yine de” anlamlarına
        gelirler.  Kendilerinden  sonra  cümle  gelir,  ancak  kendilerinden  önce  bir  cümle  olmadan  cümle  başında   Video 9.8
        kullanılmazlar.
         however                         still                           quite the contrary
         nevertheless                    but still                       in contrast
         nonetheless                     yet still                       (on the one hand) ... on the other hand
         notwithstanding                 but … anyway                    instead
         but                             not … but rather                even so
         yet                             on the contrary                 all the same

        however / nevertheless / nonetheless / notwithstanding
            “Ancak, buna rağmen, yine de” anlamlarına gelirler. Kendilerinden önce gelen cümleden sonra nokta ya da
           noktalı virgül kullanılır.
           ▪ All paperwork used to be done manually in the past; however / nevertheless / nonetheless / notwithstanding,
             most of it can now be done digitally thanks to the advancements in technology.
           ▪ All paperwork used to be done manually in the past. However / Nevertheless / Nonetheless / Notwithstanding,
             most of it can now be done digitally thanks to the advancements in technology.
            “However” iki bağımsız cümleyi bağlamanın yanı sıra özneden sonra ya da cümle sonunda da kullanılabilir.
           ▪ The study found a correlation between increased exercise and decreased risk of heart disease. However, further
             research is needed to determine causation.
           ▪ The study found a correlation between increased exercise and decreased risk of heart disease. Further research,
             however, is needed to determine causation.
           ▪ The study found a correlation between increased exercise and decreased risk of heart disease. Further research is
             needed to determine causation, however.
        but / yet / still / but … still / yet … still / but … anyway
            “Ama, fakat, yine de” anlamlarına gelirler.
           ▪ Leaders all around the world try to take measures to address pressing global issues such as climate change and
             poverty, but / yet they may sometimes fail to implement them.
           ▪ Leaders all around the world try to take measures to address pressing global issues such as climate change and
             poverty, but / yet they still sometimes fail to implement them.
           ▪ Leaders all around the world try to take measures to address pressing global issues such as climate change and
             poverty. Still, they may sometimes fail to implement them.
            ‘‘But … anyway” anlam olarak aynıdır ancak kullanım olarak farklılık gösterir.
           ▪ Leaders all around the world try to take measures to address pressing global issues such as climate change and
             poverty, but they may sometimes fail to implement them anyway.
        not … but rather
            “… değil, daha ziyade” anlamına gelir. Kendinden önceki cümlenin ifade edildiği gibi olmadığını başka bir
           fikirle belirtir.
           ▪ Making  ends  meet  is  not  an  easy  task  for  many  in  the  modern  world,  but  rather  a  challenge  that  requires
             resourcefulness and determination.
        on the contrary / quite the contrary / in contrast
            “Bilakis, tam tersine” anlamlarına gelirler. Bir durumun ya da ifadenin zıddı olduğunu söylemek için kullanılırlar.
                                                                         th
           ▪ A: There hasn’t been much progress in automotive design since the early 20  century.
             B: On the contrary / Quite the contrary / In contrast, it has come a long way.

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