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CONJUNCTIONS AND TRANSITION WORDS

Key Points

“And” ve “or” iki cümleyi bağlamanın haricinde iki veya daha fazla sözcüğü birleştirmek için de kullanılır.
▪ She completed her work quickly and efficiently, impressing her boss with her productivity.
▪ The bookshelf in my living room is filled with classic novels and travel guides from all around the world.
▪ I am torn between watching a movie tonight or going for a walk to enjoy the beautiful weather outside.
“But” “fakat, ama, ancak” anlamlarının yanı sıra “hariç, dışında” anlamlarında da kullanılır.
▪ I have read all of the books in the series but the last one which has not been released yet.
▪ Everyone but Kyle noticed that there was tension between the boss and the manager.
“So … that” ve “such … that” yapıları devrik cümle ile de kullanılabilir.
So + adjective / adverb + verb + subject + that
▪ So exhausted was she after the long hike that she fell asleep as soon as her head hit the pillow.
▪ So quickly did the runner finish the race that he broke the previous record by several seconds.
Such + (a / an) + adjective + noun + verb + subject + that
▪ Such a difficult maths problem was assigned by the teacher that even the top students in the class could not solve it.
“Lest” subjunctive (omitted should) yapısı ile de kullanılabilir.
▪ Andy keeps his voice low while talking on the phone lest he wake up (=should wake up) the baby sleeping in the next room.
“To, in order to” ve “so as to” “-mek / -mak için, -mek / -mak amacıyla” anlamlarına gelmektedir. Ancak cümlede bir nesne
yer aldığında “to” nesneyi, “in order to” ve “so as to” ise özneyi niteler.
▪ The professor wanted the students to analyse the text and express their ideas about it. (nesne) (Profesör, öğrencilerden
metni incelemelerini ve bu konudaki fikirlerini ifade etmelerini istedi.)
▪ The professor talked to the students to in order to / so as to understand their level of readiness. (özne) (Profesör,
hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerini anlamak için öğrencilerle konuştu.)
“Though” cümle sonunda “but / yet” anlamında da kullanılır.
▪ The weather forecast predicted rain for the weekend. We are still planning to go camping, though.
▪ The weather forecast predicted rain for the weekend, but / yet we are still planning to go camping.
“Contrary to”, “contrary to popular / common belief” ve “contrary to all expectations” kullanımları ile yaygın bir şekilde kullanılır.
▪ Contrary to common belief, the Great Wall of China is not visible from space with the naked eye.
▪ Contrary to all expectations, the underdog team managed to win the championship title at the end of the season.
“However” iki bağımsız cümleyi bağlamanın yanı sıra özneden sonra ya da cümle sonunda da kullanılabilir.
▪ The study found a correlation between increased exercise and decreased risk of heart disease. However, further research
is needed to determine causation.
▪ The study found a correlation between increased exercise and decreased risk of heart disease. Further research, however,
is needed to determine causation.
▪ The study found a correlation between increased exercise and decreased risk of heart disease. Further research is needed
to determine causation, however.
“Besides” hem iki cümleyi anlamca birbirine bağlayan bir geçiş sözcüğü hem de peşinden isim ya da ismin yerini tutan
herhangi bir yapı gelen bir edattır.
▪ The candidate had impressive qualifications and experience. Besides, her references spoke highly of her work ethic and
interpersonal skills.
▪ Besides the limitations of the study’s sample size, the research was also constrained by the lack of diversity among
participants.
“Also” daha önce bahsedilen bir şeyi vurgulamak veya yeni bir bilgi eklemek için kullanılır. Hem iki cümleyi anlamca birbirine
bağlayan bir geçiş sözcüğü hem de cümle ortasında zarf olarak kullanılır.
th
▪ The novel provides a vivid portrayal of life in the 19 century, and it also offers insights into the social and political issues
of the time.
▪ The new software improves the efficiency of the system; also, it enhances the user experience with its intuitive interface.
“Such as” yapısında, “such” ve “as” sözcüklerinin arasına çoğul bir sözcük ya da bir söz öbeği gelebilir.
▪ The book has lots of quotations from such famous philosophers as Socrates, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Immanuel Kant.
(=The book has lots of quotations from famous philosophers such as Socrates, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Immanuel Kant.)
“Indeed”, “aslında” anlamına gelmektedir ve daha önce bahsedilen bir şeye yeni bir bilgi eklemek için kullanılır.
▪ The study found that exercise improved cardiovascular health. Indeed, the researchers observed a decrease in blood
pressure among participants.
▪ Seniors often like to set routines, take up a hobby, or engage in a physical activity. Indeed, these traits in older people can
be considered a shield that will protect them as they step into retirement.

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