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CONJUNCTIONS AND TRANSITION WORDS

hardly … when … / scarcely … when … / barely … when …
“… yapar yapmaz” anlamına gelirler.
▪ Jane had hardly / scarcely / barely eaten the mushroom soup when she lost consciousness.
▪ I had hardly / scarcely / barely left the office building when I saw an injured cat in the car park.

8. Inversion
“Inversion” bir cümle içinde sözcüklerin yerini değiştirerek oluşturulan devrik cümle yapısını elde etmek için
kullanılır. Cümle sınırlayıcı anlama sahip ya da olumsuz anlam taşıyan bir kelime ile başlarsa, devrik yapı
kullanılır. Video 9.13
hardly ever not until / not till only then / only later hardly / scarcely / barely ... when
seldom not since only by / only with on no account
as only if not only … but also under any circumstances
than only when no sooner … than under no circumstances
hardly ever / seldom

“Neredeyse hiç, nadiren” anlamlarına gelirler.
▪ My daughter can hardly ever / seldom call me because she is on an Arctic expedition.
▪ Hardly ever / Seldom can my daughter call me because she is on an Arctic expedition.
as / than

Karşılaştırmada kullanılan bu yapılardan sonra devrik cümle yapılabilir.
▪ In 2011, China was hit by a series of floods, and the central parts of the country were severely affected by the floods,
as were the southern regions of the country.
▪ Some people think that spinach contains much more iron than does beef.
“Than” ile yapılan karşılaştırmalarda ikinci cümlenin fiili “be” ise ikinci cümlede devrik yapı kullanılmaz.
▪ Considering the reviews, the third season of the series is more thrilling than the previous ones.
“Than” ile yapılan karşılaştırmalarda her iki cümlede de özne aynı ise devrik cümle yapılmaz.
▪ The manager of the company listened to the employees’ financial problems and increased their salaries more than
he did last year.
not until / not till
“-e kadar –i yapmamak” anlamında kullanılırlar.
▪ The trains will not be able to operate until / till the damage is repaired.
▪ Not until / till the damage is repaired will the trains be able to operate.
not since
Bu yapı Türkçe’ye “-den beri ... -madı/-medi” şeklinde çevrilebilir.
▪ Not since the discovery of penicillin has there been such a breakthrough in the field of antibiotics.
only if
“Kaydıyla, ancak, eğer …-sa” anlamlarına gelir.
▪ Liability insurance protects you and pays for other people’s injuries or property damage only if you are at fault for
an accident.
▪ Only if you are at fault for an accident does liability insurance protect you and pay for other people’s injuries or
property damage.
only when / only then / only later
“Ancak sonrasında” ve “ancak o zaman” anlamlarına gelirler.
▪ Members of the city council thought everything was going smoothly at first. Only when things took a turn for the
worse were they able to realise the gravity of the situation.
▪ Members of the city council thought everything was going smoothly at first, but things took a turn for the worse. Only
then / Only later were they able to realise the gravity of the situation.

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