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CONJUNCTIONS AND TRANSITION WORDS

B. Prepositional Phrases
Bu yapılar, ana cümle ile yan cümleyi zıt veya çelişkili durumlarda bağlamak için kullanılır ve kendilerinden sonra isim veya isim fiil gelir.

despite unlike
in spite of in contrast with
noun,
for all in contrast to pronoun, Video 9.7
notwithstanding contrary to + gerund, main clause
regardless of as opposed to the fact that,
noun clause,
irrespective of rather than
different from instead of
despite / in spite of / for all
Bu bağlaçlar “-e rağmen” anlamına gelirler. “Although” ile eş anlamlıdırlar.
▪ Despite / In spite of / For all being open to new ideas, many people were resistant to the changes of the Industrial
Revolution.
▪ Despite / In spite of / For all the recent technological advancements in the fields of communication and information
sharing, people in many parts of the world still lack basic access to resources.
notwithstanding
“-e rağmen” anlamında kullanılır ve gönderme yaptığı isimden sonra da kullanılabilir.
▪ Notwithstanding his success, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s literary output remains overshadowed by his Sherlock
Holmes stories.
▪ His success notwithstanding, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s literary output remains overshadowed by his Sherlock
Holmes stories.

regardless of / irrespective of
“… bakmaksızın, … dikkate alınmadan” anlamlarına gelirler.
▪ Regardless of / Irrespective of what people may say, there is no one-size-fits-all solution to achieving success and
fulfilment in life.
▪ Regardless of / Irrespective of the population of a region, the preservation of its environment and culture is
essential to ensuring a sustainable future.
in contrast with / in contrast to / contrary to / as opposed to

“… nın aksine” anlamına gelirler. İki zıt nesneyi ya da durumu karşılaştırmak için kullanılırlar. Kendilerinden
sonra “noun”, “noun phrase” ya da “noun clause” gelir.
▪ Avocados are high in healthy fats and low in carbohydrates in contrast with / in contrast to / contrary to / as
opposed to other fruits.
▪ In contrast with / In contrast to / Contrary to / As opposed to previously held assumptions, cats can be trained
to follow verbal commands and perform simple tasks.

different from / unlike
“different from”, “… den farklı olarak”; “unlike”, “… nın aksine” anlamına gelir.
▪ Different from / Unlike other authors, Jane Austen’s works were praised in her lifetime, and she achieved recognition
as one of the greatest English novelists.
▪ Different from / Unlike football, American football requires players to wear protective gear such as helmets,
shoulder pads, and mouthguards to reduce the risk of injury.
instead of / rather than

“… yerine” ve “… den ziyade” anlamlarına gelirler.
▪ People should strive to take responsibility for their actions and learn from their mistakes instead of / rather than
making excuses.

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