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CONJUNCTIONS AND TRANSITION WORDS

whereas / while / whilst

“-iken” anlamına gelirler. Bu bağlaçlar zıt anlam ifade eden cümleleri bağlamak için kullanılır. Genellikle farklı
öznelerin birbirinden farklı ya da zıt özellikleri karşılaştırılırken kullanılırlar.

▪ Whereas / While / Whilst infants are born with some very useful survival reflexes, they are still strikingly helpless
due largely to an underdeveloped brain cortex.
▪ Wooden sandals and clogs protect the feet from burning hot sand and spiky plants whereas / while / whilst leather
shoes offer protection from all types of weather in Africa.
even if

“-se / -sa bile” ve “-e rağmen” anlamlarında kullanılır.
▪ Even if you cannot afford solar panels for your rooftop, there are still many ways to support renewable energy and
reduce your carbon footprint.
much as / much though
“Her ne kadar … ise de” anlamına gelir ve “although” bağlacı ile kullanımları benzerdir.

▪ Much as / Much though technology has improved our lives in many ways, it has also brought new challenges and
concerns regarding issues like privacy and security.

adjective / adverb + as
adjective / adverb + though
“… olduysa da” anlamında kullanılır.

▪ Cautious as / though drivers are on the road, there is always a risk of accidents occurring due to factors beyond
their control.

however + adjective / adverb
no matter + question word
regardless of + question word
“However” ve “no matter” aynı anlamı taşıyan zıtlık bildiren bağlaçlardır. “… olduysa da, her … olursa olsun”
anlamlarına gelirler. “Although / Though” anlamlarına gelseler de daha güçlü bir vurguya sahiptirler.
▪ However easy a task may seem, it is important to follow the proper procedure to avoid mistakes and ensure the best
outcome.
▪ No matter how easy a task may seem, it is important to follow the proper procedure to avoid mistakes and ensure
the best outcome.
No matter + question word yapısı anlam olarak “whoever, whatever, wherever, whenever, whichever” ya da
“Regardless of who / what / where / when / which” yapıları ile verebiliriz.
▪ Wherever environmental conditions are suitable to regenerate and thrive, diverse forms of life will appear to take
advantage of the natural resources available.
▪ No matter where / Regardless of where environmental conditions are suitable to regenerate and thrive, diverse
forms of life will appear to take advantage of the natural resources available.
▪ Whoever conducts an experiment, its outcome does not change if the underlying conditions and variables remain
the same.
▪ No matter who / Regardless of who conducts an experiment, its outcome does not change if the underlying
conditions and variables remain the same.
▪ However punctual one tries to be, punctuality is not always guaranteed and can be especially difficult to maintain
when life becomes hectic.
▪ No matter how / Regardless of how punctual one tries to be, punctuality is not always guaranteed and can be
especially difficult to maintain when life becomes hectic.

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