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CONJUNCTIONS AND TRANSITION WORDS

A. Reduction of Time Clauses
after
Zaman bildiren cümlecikleri etken ve edilgen cümlelerde kısaltma yaparak kullanabiliriz. “After” kısaltmada atılabilir.

Active:
▪ After he completed his research related to the demography of Norway, the scientist published his findings in
a peer-reviewed journal.
▪ After completing / having completed his research related to the demography of Norway, the scientist published
his findings in a peer-reviewed journal.
▪ Completing / Having completed his research related to the demography of Norway, the scientist published his
findings in a peer-reviewed journal.
Zaman bildiren cümlecikleri etken ve edilgen cümlelerde kısaltma yaparak kullanabiliriz. “After” kısaltmada atılabilir.
Passive:
▪ After the research paper was / had been submitted, it was reviewed by the academic committee and several
minor revisions were suggested.
▪ After being submitted / having been submitted, the research paper was reviewed by the academic committee
and several minor revisions were suggested.
▪ Being submitted / Having been submitted, the research paper was reviewed by the academic committee and
several minor revisions were suggested.
before
Kısaltma yaparken “before” atılmaz.

Active:
▪ Before Mark began his presentation related to sports, he took a deep breath and reminded himself to speak
clearly and confidently.
▪ Before beginning his presentation related to sports, Mark took a deep breath and reminded himself to speak
clearly and confidently.
Passive:

▪ Before workers were punished for late arrivals at the workplace, they were working in harmony to give their best.
▪ Before being punished for late arrivals at the workplace, workers were working in harmony to give their best.
while
Kısaltma yapılırken “while” atılabilir.
Active:

▪ While Sandra was driving home in a hurry, she noticed that she had left her bag in the office.
▪ While driving home in a hurry, Sandra noticed that she had left her bag in the office.
▪ Driving home in a hurry, Sandra noticed that she had left her bag in the office.
Passive:

▪ While the TV show was being watched by children, it was harshly criticised by parents due to scenes containing
violence.
▪ While being watched by children, the TV show was harshly criticised by parents due to scenes containing violence.

when
Active:
Arka arkaya gerçekleşen olayları bağlıyorsa “on / upon + doing” kullanılır.
▪ When Clark arrived at the office, he recognised that he had left his computer at home.
▪ Upon / On arriving at the office, Clark recognised that he had left his computer at home.

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