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GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

Noun + Preposition + Gerund
advantage of excuse for problem of
chance of idea of reason for
capability of interest in reputation for
danger of method of risk of
difficulty in need for the point of
doubt about possibility of way of
▪ Although there is a risk of getting soaked anywhere while rafting, there is more where the current is directed.
▪ The author has a reputation for narrating simple and plain stories, but her depictions are sprinkled with irony from time to time.

Preposition + Noun + Preposition + Gerund
on account of in exchange for in the middle of
on the brink of in favour of in case of
on the point of in return for for fear of
on the verge of in the course of for the sake of
in the habit of in spite of by virtue of
▪ The report shows that some fish species are on the brink of going extinct because of overhunting.
▪ The researchers encountered unexpected results that prompted them to modify their methodology in the course of
completing the experiment.

4. Expressions Used With Gerunds
Gerund ile kullanılan ifadeler (expressions used with gerund)
Some Expressions Followed by Gerunds
It is no use/good... …-nın/-nin yararı yok
Video 10.4
It is not worth... …-a/-e değmez
There is no point in... …-nın/-nin anlamı yok
a waste of + (time/money/energy) (zaman/para/emek) ziyanı
waste + (time/money/energy) (zamanı/parayı/emeği) boşa harcamak
spend (time/money/energy) (zaman/para/emek) harcamak
What/How about...? …-a/-e ne dersin?
sit/stand/lie + (place) (bir yerde) oturup/dikilip/yatıp durmak
without/by -sız, -siz/-erek, -arak
have fun/good time iyi vakit geçirmek
go + (activity) (aktivite) yapmaya gitmek
busy meşgul olmak
can’t help durduramamak
can’t stand katlanamamak
▪ It’s no use trying to convince him to change his mind as he has already made up his mind and will not budge.
▪ Do not waste your time worrying about things you cannot control; focus on the things that you can change and take action.
▪ Without having access to accurate data, it is difficult to make the right decisions and develop effective strategies for growth.
Duyu fiilleriyle de “gerund” kullanılır.
Gerunds after Verbs of Perception
hear see listen smell
Yapılan iş baştan sona gözlenmiş ise yalın olarak, yapılan işin bir kısmından bahsediyorsak “gerund” ile kullanırız.
▪ I heard my father talking to his colleagues on the phone, discussing the latest developments in their research project.
(Ben onu duymaya başlamadan önce telefonda konuşmaya başlamış.)
▪ I heard my father talk to his colleagues on the phone, discussing the latest developments in their research project.
(Konuşmayı baştan sona duymuş.)
Duyu fiilleri ile birlikte “can” veya “could” kullanılmışsa devamında her zaman “gerund” tercih edilir.
▪ The students could hear their teachers discussing the upcoming field trip to the museum.

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