Page 199 - Grammar For YDT - 12

GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

8. Progressive, Passive and Perfect Forms of Infinitives

bare infinitive
Please let me know if there is anything I can do to help.
(verb) Video 10.12

to infinitive Desert areas at higher elevations sometimes receive
(to + verb) additional rainfall to sustain plant life.

progressive infinitive Climate change appears to be causing reduced snowfall,
and thus less total water available for an expanding
(to + be V )
ing population.

passive infinitive If marine ecosystems continue to be destroyed, the
(to + be + past participle) consequences will be catastrophic for the entire planet.

perfect infinitive Many threatened species share certain characteristics that
(to + have + past participle) seem to have increased their risk of going extinct.

perfect passive infinitive The corrections were said to have been made completely to
(to + have been + past participle) improve the accuracy of the document.

perfect progressive infinitive The couple is thought to have been living in the small town
(to + have been V ) for over a decade, but no one really knows much about them.
ing

“Infinitive” yapısının “progressive” biçimi: (to) be + Ving

▪ The little kids who listened to the story of Little Red Riding Hood seemed to be enjoying it a lot.
(Kırmızı Başlıklı Kız masalını dinleyen küçük çocuklar çok eğleniyor gibiydiler.)
▪ This time next week, we will be moving into our new place.
▪ You must be thinking about all the possible risks that come with dropping out of college.
“Infinitive” yapısının “passive” biçimi: (to) be + past participle

▪ Sam expects to be rewarded with a promotion for his hard work and dedication.
(Sam, sıkı çalışması ve bağlılığının bir terfi ile ödüllendirilmesini bekliyor.)
▪ The technical staff should be given clear instructions on how to use the resources and training to their fullest
potential.

“Infinitive” yapısının “perfect” biçimi: (to) have + past participle
▪ The new shopping mall is estimated to have cost millions of dollars to build.
▪ The shipment, which includes a variety of items, was supposed to have arrived yesterday.

“Infinitive” yapısının “perfect passive” biçimi: (to) have been + past participle
▪ The company might have been mismanaged, leading to its demise.
▪ Families are delighted to have been invited to the graduation ceremony for their children.
▪ Citizens who lost their homes in the fire are pleased to have been helped by the government’s prompt assistance.

“Infinitive” yapısının “perfect progressive” biçimi: (to) have been + Ving

▪ The little girl is happy to have been drawing pictures with her brand-new crayons all day.
▪ Adele looked tired; she must have been waiting for the bus for a long time.

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