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Gerunds and Infinitives Test - 2

9. In April 2010, a series of volcanic eruptions in 13. The world’s earliest ancient empire, the Akkadian
Iceland caused a large number of flights ---- in Empire, managed ---- bureaucracy and administration
Western Europe, and about 10 million travellers were extensively and effectively on a large scale and is
inconvenienced by commercial jet traffic’s ----. thought ---- a wide area, including Mesopotamia and
Anatolia.
A) to be cancelled / being closed
A) using / to be influenced
B) to cancel / to be closed
B) to have been used/ having influenced
C) being cancelled / to have been closed
C) to use / to have influenced
D) having cancelled / having been closed
D) to have used / to influence
E) to have been cancelled / be closed
E) being used / to have been influenced

10. Normally only distinguished and qualified scholars 14. Businesses and institutions of all kinds should
from higher education institutions have the privilege consider ---- their correspondence systems to a
of ---- the documents in the Vatican archives, but in digital platform ---- the amount of paper they use.
2010, the Vatican permitted some reporters ---- its
archives for the first time. A) convert / to be reduced
A) having read / visiting B) being converted / reduce

B) reading / to visit C) converting / to reduce
C) to read / to be visiting D) having converted / to have reduced
D) having been read / to have visited E) to convert / reducing
E) being read / visit

11. Those who deserve —- are often the ones who actively 15. ---- in such a short time was a big relief for the
look for ways —- by their work and consistently climbers who attempted ---- to the summit of Mount
deliver high-quality results. Everest but got trapped in a severe blizzard last
week.
A) to be promoting / to challenge
A) Having rescued / to have ascended
B) being promoted / being challenged
B) Being rescued / ascending
C) to have promoted / having been challenged
C) To be rescued / having been ascended
D) to be promoted / to be challenged
D) Having been rescued / to ascend
E) to have been promoted / to have been
challenged E) Rescuing / to be ascending

12. ---- a historical structure comes with a set of 16. The manager was delighted ---- the young applicant
challenges, like how ---- the historical heritage while who has a good education but little experience
also meeting modern needs. because he is capable of ---- the department’s tasks
successfully thanks to his academic background.
A) Being restored / preserve
A) to have recruited / conducting
B) Restoring / to preserve
B) to recruit / to conduct
C) To restore / preserving
C) having recruited / being conducted
D) Having restored / to be preserving
D) recruiting / conduct
E) To be restoring / to have preserved
E) to have been recruiting / having conducted

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