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MODAL VERBS

‘‘Don’t have to / don’t need to / needn’t’’ gereklilik ya da zorunluluk olmayan durumlarda kullanılır.
▪ Tuesday is my off day, so I do not have to go to work.
▪ You need not get my clothes ready now; I have cancelled my journey.
Video 4.9
▪ Children don’t need to worry about earning or spending money.
“Must” ve “must not” yapıları zorunluluk ve yasak bildirir. Gerekliliğin olmadığı durumlarda “must not”
kullanılmaz.

▪ You must not use the pills whose expiry date has ended.
Geçmişte zorunluluğun olmadığı durumlardan bahsedilirken “didn’t have to” veya “didn’t need to” kullanılır.

▪ I did not have to go to the bank because I had enough money with me.
▪ Since the company sent text messages to the members, we did not need to send invitations to them individually.

9. Modals Used For Prohibition
Mustn’t / Can’t / Be not Allowed to

Bu yapılar bir şeyi yapmanın yasak olduğu ifade edilirken kullanır. Video 4.10

▪ Students are not allowed to use their mobile phones at school.
▪ You mustn’t fly a drone over this military zone without getting permission from the authorities.

10. Modals Used For Habitual Past
Used to / Would Video 4.11

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I / You / We / They People used to eat live in People did not use to live in Did people use to live in

He / She / It detached houses in the past. multi-storey buildings in the past. detached houses in the past?

Geçmişteki alışkanlıklar ifade edilirken “used to” ve “would” kullanılır. Eylem bildiren fiillerle her ikisi de
kullanılırken, durum bildiren (stative verb) fiillerle sadece “used to” kullanılır.

▪ Before the invention of the Internet, people used to / would send each other letters to keep in touch.
▪ Not everyone used to / would know what was happening around the world prior to the spread of mass media.

“Be used to” bir şeye alışkın olmak ve “get used to” da bir şeye zamanla alışmak anlamıyla tüm zamanlara
çekimlenerek kullanılabilir. “Be used to” ve “get used to”dan sonra fiil gerund haliyle, yani “–ing” takısı
eklenerek kullanılır.

▪ Those who are used to reading the news online rarely buy newspapers.
▪ My wife was not used to using chopsticks, so she had difficulty in tasting Chinese traditional foods.
▪ Most people have got used to living with pets in their homes.

11. Modals Used For Deduction
Must / May / Might / Could Video 4.12

Emin olunan ya da kuvvetli bir kanıtın var olduğu durumlarla ilgili çıkarımda bulunurken olumlu cümlelerde
“must”; olumsuz cümlelerde ise “cannot / couldn’t” kullanılır.

▪ Look at the ambulance in front of the building! Someone must need immediate medical help.
▪ Your symptoms suggest that your illness cannot / couldn’t be psychological.

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