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7. Since their earliest origins, board games have served as a 10. _______ as well as the use of hand postures to represent the
metaphor for armed warfare; _______. letters of the alphabet.
A) therefore, battle and hunting scenes are frequently shown in A) Most sign languages have been developed independently
works of art associated with games throughout the world
B) however, different types of dice have been used to decide the B) Many sign languages are employed mainly by deaf people so
direction of the pieces in these games as to communicate
C) nevertheless, this popularity does not make people know the C) Sign languages are not universal and usually cannot be
original names and rules of some ancient games mutually understood
D) furthermore, the game of ‘mehen’, discovered in Egyptian D) Sign language is easier to use for preverbal children and
tombs, is the world’s earliest known board game people with disabilities
E) as a result, the compact size of the boards makes it possible E) Sign language is made up of a system of gestures, mimics,
to transport them easily from one location to another and fingerspelling

8. As rural and urban lives have become heavily reliant on 11. _______ since they make you exhausted during the day.
literacy, _______.
A) Insomnia and sleep apnoea might make it difficult to
A) many students in rural areas are unable to communicate remember things
effectively in a foreign language compared to those in urban B) It is essential to take a short nap at the same time of the day
areas
C) Fulfilling your daily goals and plans completely reduces your
B) teaching materials are much more significant in the whole stress
process of teaching and learning literature
D) Maintaining a hobby and engaging in relaxing breathing
C) students’ English proficiency in rural schools is influenced by techniques might help alleviate stress
a variety of factors such as their own dialect and traditions
E) Exercise protects brain health by increasing blood flow and
D) many education programmes in schools focus on increasing brain oxygenation
the number of literate people all over the world
E) education highly depends on the use of language, which is
one of the most important means we have as humans

9. As Alexander Graham Bell received the first successful 12. While in some locations, climate change emerges as
patent, he is widely regarded as the inventor of the telephone; droughts and deserts, _______.
_______.
A) it creates precipitation imbalances, floods, typhoons, and
A) however, both his wife and mother were deaf, so his curiosity tornadoes in others
about sound technology was personal and strong B) it is the increase in the average temperature of the land, sea
B) therefore, in the 1870s, he came up with his own inventions, and air throughout the year
which transferred speech electrically C) in some regions, these precipitations are unrelated to the
C) nevertheless, other innovators such as Elisha Gray and impact of climate change
Antonio Meucci also designed a talking telegraph D) it is thought that absorbing the heat in this radiation causes
D) as a consequence, the creation of the telephone has sparked the earth to overheat
a great deal of debate and curiosity throughout history E) this may occur independently of the planet’s average
E) on the other hand, for his ideas and work in communications, temperature
the brilliant scientist was awarded more than 18 patents

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