Page 182 - BACKUP ENGLISH | PREPARATORY CLASS

THEME 15 SPORTS

Structure

FOR SINCE

We use 'since' when we talk about the starting point of
We use ‘for’ when we talk about the duration of the action.
the action.
I have been here for six months.
I have been here since last year.
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Present Perfect Continuous

USAGE EXAMPLE

How long have you been living in this city?
Describing and asking about the duration of an action
I have been living here for three months.

Talking about an activity that is still in progress Patricia has been cooking dinner since 5 o’clock.

Describing a habit or regular activity that has been going on for They have been playing tennis every Saturday for the
some time past year.

The weather has been getting colder these past few
Describing a recent change in a situation
days.

Affirmative Sentences

I / We / You / They have been playing tennis. He / She / It has been playing tennis.

Negative Sentences

I / We / You / They haven’t been playing tennis. He / She / It hasn’t been playing tennis.

Interrogative Sentences

Have I / we / you / they been playing tennis? Has he / she / it been playing tennis?

PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

It is used to emphasise ‘how much / many’. It is used to emphasise ‘how long’.
He has written six letters this morning. He has been writing this letter for hours.
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It describes a completed action. It describes an activity which may continue.
We have read Orwell’s 1984. We have been reading Orwell’s 1984.
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Expressing Purpose

Our students are studying hard to / in order to / so as to pass their exams.
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Our students are studying hard not to / in order not to / so as not to fail their exams.
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Our students are studying hard so that / in order that they can pass their exams.
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Our students are studying hard so that / in order that they will not fail their exams.

Our students are using educational software for distance learning.
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180 English for Preparatory Class