Page 23 - Konu Özetleri YDT İngilizce

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE & PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Keynotes on Common Time Expressions Used in the Present Perfect Tense
YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT YDT Just olumlu cümlelerde henüz tamamlanmış eylemleri ifade eder. Eylemin yapılmasından sonra geçen sürenin kısalığı
ile ilgili vurguyu artırmak için only just kullanılır.
♦ Be careful! I have just mopped the floor, and it is still wet.
♦ Look! These baby caretta carettas have only just hatched.
Lately / recently son günlerde anlamında kullanılır. Kesin bir zaman belirtmeden, yaptığımız işleri anlatır. Bu zarflar
özellikle, haber niteliği olan son gelişmeleri ifade etmek için sıklıkla kullanılır.
♦ I think she is working too much; that is why she has felt tired lately.
♦ Recently, extreme weather events have become more frequent, underscoring the urgency of addressing climate change.
Up till now / up to now / so far olumlu, olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde şimdiye kadar anlamında kullanılır.
♦ My students have completed the first part of their projects so far.
♦ The Tower of Pisa has leaned to the south since its third storey was added in 1178. It has continued to lean up to now.
Henüz tamamlanmamış zaman diliminde gerçekleşmiş eylemlerle birlikte this morning, this week, this year, today
zaman ifadeleri kullanılır.
♦ I have meticulously groomed my garden, tending to each plant with care and precision this morning.

Konuşulan anın da dahil olduğu süreçte yapılan eylemleri ifade etmek için in the last … / during the past … kullanılır.
♦ During the last two weeks, Tina has been absent twice in Maths. I wonder how she can keep up with her classmates.
♦ Selena has endeavoured to master a difficult language, dedicating hours to language learning in the last few months.

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present Perfect Continuous Tense cümlede yakın geçmişte başlayan ve halen devam eden bir eylemi belirtmek için kullanılır.
Structure of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Subject Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I
You We have been singing at the They haven't been exercising Have you been learning Spanish
We party. regularly. for a long time?
They
He He has been fixing his car all He hasn’t been practicing the Has he been running every
She day. guitar. morning?
It

Use of The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Geçmişte başlayan ve konuşma anında devam eden eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır.
♦ Why has Luis not been taking his medicine for the last three days?
♦ They have been discussing the problem for more than an hour.
Tamamlanmış fakat konuşma anında etkisi devam eden eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır.
♦ Mr. Lyonn, whose employees have been misbehaving since last week, seems angry.
Söz edilen eylemin son zamanlarda gerçekleştiğini ifade etmek için kullanılır.
♦ Do you think Tim has been spending too much time playing computer games?

Common Time Expressions Used in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
for since in the last weeks / years
in the past years / weeks for the last three days / two years for the past few days / weeks
recently lately all day, all week

♦ Harry has been writing his novel for the last three months without getting further than one chapter.
♦ Dr. Fletcher has been giving the students the same lectures for the past two years.
♦ Recently, companies have been putting a lot of money into developing advanced technology.
♦ Liz bought that T-shirt last month and has been wearing it ever since.

ENGLISH - YDT MEBİ KONU ÖZETLERİ 23