Page 26 - Konu Özetleri YDT İngilizce

PAST PERFECT TENSE & PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Time Clause Main Clause
Subordinating Conjunctions + Past Simple Tense + Past Perfect Tense

Subordinating Conjunctions
When Before Until / Till By the time
♦ The employees had already formed a committee when the hotel's owner announced the reconstruction.
♦ The fish stocks had been depleted before the officials took the necessary measures to prevent future overfishing.
♦ Until the hurricane hit the country’s east coast, the people of the affected states had never considered the case.
♦ By the time the fire brigade reached the scene, most of the fire victims had managed to escape.

No sooner ... than ve hardly / barely / scarcely ... when yapıları as soon as ile aynı anlamı verirler. Bu kalıplar cümlenin
başında kullanıldığında devrik yapı (inversion) gerekir.

♦ The police officers had no sooner made a move to get off the train and investigate than the doors closed, and the
train pulled away from the station.
♦ No sooner had the police officers made a move to get off the train and investigate than the doors closed, and the
train pulled away from the station.
♦ A ban on whaling had hardly come into force when crews of skippers, workers, and scientists began a feverish
search for loopholes in the regulations.
♦ Hardly had a ban on whaling come into force when crews of skippers, workers, and scientists began a feverish
search for loopholes in the regulations.

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Structure of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Subject Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I, You, We, The excavation at the site had They hadn’t been fighting for Had the artist been working
They, He, been going on before they years when the war started in the on his / her painting for weeks
She, It decided to construct the bridge. 1900s. before it was exhibited?

Use of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Geçmişte başlayıp yine geçmişte bir noktaya kadar devam eden eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır.
♦ The program that was terminated had been working well since 1945.
♦ The clothing factory had been running successfully before it was closed down in the recession.
Geçmişte belirli bir noktaya kadar devam etmiş, tamamlanmış ve o zaman diliminde etkisi devam eden eylemleri ifade
etmek için kullanılır.
♦ The puddles of water made it clear that it had been raining all night.
♦ When I visited the old neighbourhood, I noticed the beautifully landscaped garden that Mrs. Johnson had been
tending for years.

Common Time Expressions Used in the Past Perfect Continuous Tense

for / since before by the time

when How long ...? all day / month / year

♦ How long had the company been struggling before it finally declared bankruptcy due to misguided investment
strategies?
♦ By the time the project ended, a great number of educationalists had been actively participating in the process.

26 MEBİ KONU ÖZETLERİ ENGLISH - YDT