Page 106 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

c Read the passage and choose the correct d Choose the best option to complete the
answer for the questions below. missing part of the passage.

1. Which of the following is true according to the Calligraphy has been practised for centuries
passage? in various cultures around the world, often
A) The art of miniature originated during serving as a means of artistic expression,
the Seljuk Empire and persisted until the communication, and documentation. It
Ottoman conquest of İstanbul. is not just about writing words but about
B) The Uygur manuscript from 868 was such blending the written characters with a sense
a great discovery for Seljuk Turks that they of aesthetics, rhythm, and emotion. Learning
immediately founded a school of miniatures. calligraphy involves studying specific scripts,
C) From Uygur illustrations to intricate practising stroke patterns, and understanding
the principles of the art form. ---- Furthermore,
depictions of Ottoman history, the art of mastery means controlling the writing tool,
miniature has undergone various phases
over centuries. understanding the nuances of strokes, and
D) Ottoman miniatures exclusively centred on internalising the principles of the particular
calligraphic tradition.
religious narratives and court life, rather than
historical events, portrayed in finely detailed A) Different cultures and civilisations have
scenes. developed their own calligraphic styles and
E) Influenced by Islamic culture, miniatures scripts throughout history.
strictly followed realistic perspective B) Achieving proficiency, on the other hand,
techniques during Tamerlane’s reign. requires dedicated practice and a deep
understanding of the script or style.
C) Many calligraphy artists and enthusiasts
2. According to the passage, early Turkish attend workshops and classes or take online
illustrations ----. courses to refine their skills.
A) were a mixture of historical events and D) However, it is a fine art form that involves
religious narratives creating beautiful and expressive writing
B) generally focused on giving information through artistic penmanship.
about daily life E) It is created using specialised writing tools,
C) depicted traditional stories and court life in a the choice of which depends on the desired
realistic style style and the type of script.
D) were created with unique techniques and
strict rules
E) were printed on various specifically formed
materials

3. It is understood from the passage that e Choose the irrelevant sentence in the
nakkashes ----. passage.
A) employed fine brushes and shades to work
on details, showcasing their exceptional skills (I) Turkish carpets are world-famous for their
and patience intricate designs, vibrant colours, and exceptional
B) were known for using a wide variety of artistry. (II) Traditionally, they are made of
traditional techniques and abstract forms in high-quality wool, which is often collected from
their artworks sheep raised in the mountains of Türkiye.
C) received exclusive training in manuscript (III) The wool is processed into colourful fibres
illustration before transitioning to the art of and tied around the warp threads on a loom
miniature using the hand-knotting technique. (IV) Different
D) passed on information about significant regions of Türkiye have their distinct weaving
techniques and motifs, often influenced by their
events and cultural heritage via Ottoman geographical and cultural characteristics. (V) The
miniatures number of knots per square inch contributes to
E) followed strict rules of realistic perspective the carpet’s quality, durability, and resilience.
to ensure accuracy in their portrayals of
historical events A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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