Page 121 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

7.1 NANOTECH AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

Tiny Tech, Big Impact

Nanotechnology is a discipline of science and engineering that focuses on designing, producing, and using
extremely small devices and structures by manipulating atoms and molecules at the nanoscale. The dimensions
of the materials and structures are shrunk to approximately 100 nanometres or less—one nanometre is equal
to one billionth of a metre. From health, agriculture, and electronic devices to computer science and many
other fields, nanotechnology is thoroughly involved in many scientific and practical applications. The primary
purpose for utilising this technology in multiple industries is to create a new range of products constructed
with new materials and chemicals and to change over existing pieces of equipment to their more efficient and
advanced versions with enhanced levels of performance. In short, nanotechnology provides materials and
devices with distinctive properties and functions, such as increased lightness, durability, and resilience. Some
of its applications include particles designed to target disease-causing cells, speedier microprocessors with
lower energy consumption, batteries with extended lifespans, and solar panels capable of generating twice
the energy. Regarding the examples in our daily lives, nanomaterials have also been adequately employed
in a variety of electronic items, including smartphones, laptops, computers, and televisions. Nanomaterials
contribute to improving the electrical and thermal conductivity, strength, and durability of these devices as well.
The use of nanoparticles in electrical equipment can also help cut down on overall device size and weight.
Additionally, some cosmetics, like creams and moisturisers, consist of nanoparticles that can help boost product
texture and appearance.

a Match the highlighted words and phrases in the passage to the definitions below.

1. : moving or working very quickly
2. : to reduce the size, amount, or number of something
3. : having a quality or characteristic that makes something different and easily noticed
4. : the way a substance or piece of cloth feels when you touch it, how rough, smooth, hard
or soft it is
5. : in a way that is enough in quantity or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or
need
6. : to become or to make something smaller in size or amount
7. : in a comprehensive manner, leaving no part or detail unexamined or unfinished
8. : to control, use, or change something with skill
9. : the quality of being able to allow the transmission of electricity, heat, etc.
10. : to transition or shift from one system or position to another

b Circle the correct option that cannot be the synonym of the underlined words and phrases in
the sentences.

1. Nanotechnology has become increasingly integrated into the textile manufacturing sector with the passing
of time on account of its distinctive and desirable features.
A) unique B) customary C) peculiar D) exclusive E) characteristic
2. Richard Feynman, a physicist who described the process by which molecules and atoms can be
manipulated and controlled, pioneered the notion and ideas for nanotech.
A) operated B) exploited C) influenced D) conducted E) distinguished
3. The traditional methods of resizing and restoring products, due to their high cost and challenging
manufacturing characteristics, have been significantly changed over to nanotechnological innovations.
A) altered B) transitioned C) jumped D) comprehended E) shifted
4. Nanoparticles are being developed to remove industrial water contaminants from groundwater through
chemical processes that render the pollutants thoroughly harmless.
A) entirely B) comprehensively C) inadequately D) scrupulously E) exhaustively
5. The texture of these paper towels is velvety and smooth thanks to the nanoparticles that make them very
pleasant to touch.
A) fabric B) surface C) grain D) fibre E) ingredient
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