Page 128 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

c Read the passage and choose the correct d Choose the best option to complete the
answer for the questions below. missing part of the passage.

1. How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect Scientists have traditionally relied on animal
vaccination coverage? models to understand embryonic development
A) It led to a significant increase in vaccinations, in humans. However, the advent of organoids,
resulting in the highest vaccination rate ever tiny versions of human tissues derived from
documented. stem cells, has provided researchers with a
B) It initially caused a slowdown in immunisation novel tool. ---- By creating the right environment
levels on a global scale, but later they rapidly for stem cells to self‑organise, scientists have
increased. successfully generated organoids that resemble
C) It has facilitated the progress of immunisation various organs such as the brain, kidney, lung,
intestine, stomach, and liver. This technological
services that were already in progress. breakthrough has the potential to revolutionise
D) It has not shown any clear positive or the field of pharmaceutical discovery and
negative effects on the worldwide extent of personalised medicine, as it enables a detailed
immunisation. understanding of organ formation, diseases,
E) It jeopardised the previous gains achieved in and the interaction of medications with these
delivering immunisation services globally. mini organs.
A) Another limitation of animal testing lies in the
presumption that humans can be regarded
as merely enlarged versions of rats, mice, or
2. One can understand from the passage that rabbits used for experimental purposes.
----. B) Scientists have already used organoids
A) countries should prioritise administering derived from individuals with autism to
at least one vaccine dose to mitigate the demonstrate abnormalities in the regulation of
decline in immunisation rates genes related to cell growth.
B) immunisation is solely intended for children, C) The bioscience community agrees that the
aiming to protect them against numerous utilisation of animals in research should only
severe illnesses be conducted in accordance with ethical
C) if the vaccination rate falls below 90%, there guidelines.
will be a potential for the rapid transmission D) Organoids can mimic the intricate nature
of infectious diseases of organs and can be experimentally
D) microarray patches should be applied by manipulated to concentrate on particular cell
trained personnel, as they are equipped with types.
microneedles E) Nevertheless, once organoids reach a
E) a potential downside of microarray patches particular stage of their lifespan, they lose their
is the challenge of accessing remote regions ability to undergo further cellular division and
and low-income countries face challenges in achieving full maturation.
e Choose the irrelevant sentence in the
passage.
(I) Sodium-ion batteries are gaining popularity as a
3. What is the primary purpose of the author? substitute for their lithium-ion counterparts because
A) To emphasise the significance of trained they use sodium ions as the charge carrier. (II) This
personnel in the administration of vaccines makes sodium-ion batteries more environmentally
B) To explain how the COVID-19 pandemic friendly and cost-effective, as sodium can be
affected childhood vaccination rates globally extracted from seawater, eliminating the harmful
C) To convince readers that MAPs could be effects of mining. (III) Additionally, these batteries
the most effective method for improving are safer and less prone to causing fires or
immunisation rates explosions. (IV) However, lithium-ion batteries are
D) To provide the reader with information on preferred for powering electric vehicles since they
how childhood vaccines play a vital role in have a higher electrical capacity. (V) Moreover,
saving lives unlike lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries
E) To warn readers about the negative can perform well at temperatures as low as -20°C
outcomes of recent measles outbreaks and without a notable loss in capacity.
the return of polioviruses A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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