Page 140 - READING COMPANION TO ENGLISH EXAMS

c Read the passage and choose the correct d Choose the best word or expression to fill
answer for the questions below. the spaces in the passage.

1. It is understood from the passage that Motivation is what drives our actions and gives
irrational beliefs ----. them direction and persistence. (1)‑‑‑‑ it was
A) arise as a consequence of behavioural previously viewed as a binary concept, indicating
disturbances whether an individual had it or not, current
B) play a role in maintaining beneficial attitudes understanding acknowledges that motivation
C) can potentially contribute to the achievement can take on various forms, including intrinsic and
of personal success extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation involves
D) are solely shaped by past experiences engaging in a task or activity out of interest,
(2)‑‑‑‑ relying on external rewards or recognition.
E) serve as underlying causes of emotional This type of motivation derives pleasure from the
disturbances activity itself, perceiving a harmonious alignment
(3)‑‑‑‑ personal interests, skills, and the demands
of the task. Conversely, extrinsic motivation entails
participating in an activity to avoid punishment or
receive external (4)‑‑‑‑, such as praise, status, or
money. In consequence, intrinsic motivation (5)‑‑‑‑
to be more growth-oriented, leading to higher
levels of enthusiasm and creativity. According to
2. According to the passage, which of the the Self-Determination Theory, it is crucial to offer
following is true about REBT? positive encouragement and feedback, foster
A) The main emphasis of REBT is on the supportive relationships, and optimise individual
traumas that individuals experienced in their choice and autonomy to enhance intrinsic
childhood. motivation.
B) The goal of REBT is to modify the external 1.
factors that impact individuals. A) Until B) As long as
C) REBT places significant emphasis on the
identification and correction of cognitive C) While D) Since
distortions. E) If
D) REBT does not prioritise the exploration or
analysis of emotional experiences. 2.
E) Autonomy stands as a pivotal principle within A) rather than B) in case of
the framework of REBT.
C) in addition to D) as regards
E) similar to

3.
A) against B) between
C) from D) of
3. Which of the following questions is mainly
answered by the passage? E) by
A) Why do people tend to rely on personal
experiences and interpretations when making 4.
judgments? A) elevation B) fulfilment
B) What techniques can be utilised to effectively C) encouragement D) reinforcement
manage irrational beliefs?
C) How can irrational thinking affect our goals E) inspiration
and desires in the long term?
D) How does the disputing technique work 5.
in addressing irrational and dysfunctional A) had been found B) was being found
beliefs?
E) What are the components and mechanisms C) has been found D) will have been found
involved in cognitive distortions? E) would be found
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