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THEME 4 EXERCISES

I. Read the sentences below and match the phrases in bold with their definitions. L. Complete the following text with the correct forms of the words given below.

apparent cultivation drastically expansion migrate

Farming was an important part of the civilisations’ development and success. Mesopotamia, with its
(1) _____________ lands along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, facilitated widespread agricultural growth in the
past. They demonstrated an outstanding ability to (2) _____________ the land with a high-level agricultural system.
The inhabitants were, (3) _____________, very good at irrigation and farming techniques. They also understood the
importance of leaving fields unplanted to let the land rest and restore.

Over time, the region saw waves of (4) _____________ from different areas, and that led to cultural exchange
and a mixture of diverse traditions. This population movement ultimately contributed to the wealth of culture within
Mesopotamian civilisations. So, they experienced (5) _____________ changes due to their interactions with various
peoples and cultures.

M. Read the dialogues below and match the phrases in bold with their definitions.

Zach: I think it’s fascinating to learn about Paul: Have you heard of the Great
the past and people’s lives in Depression? They say the times
different times and places. were really difficult.
Sue: Me, too. I’m into ancient
Joy: Absolutely. My family struggled a
communities and their cultures,
lot. My grandpa lost his bakery.
especially the Roman Empire.
a c Paul: That’s too bad. How did they
Zach: Their architectural achievements
overcome it?
and political systems were
captivating, weren’t they? Joy: Well, they were there for each other
Sue: Yes, they definitely went down in and worked as a team. That’s water
history as one of the most powerful under the bridge now. We’ve
civilisations of all time. rebuilt our lives.

Eve: I believe the ancient Maya Finn: Do you find studying history
civilisation was one of the most enjoyable?
highly developed in history.
Lois: Yes, I do. I think it’s very exciting
Ivy: I agree. Their accomplishments
and educational.
in astronomy, mathematics, and
architecture were truly incredible. Finn: I totally agree with you. What’s your
b d
Eve: But they also faced challenges like favourite time and place in history?
political unrest and warfare, and all
Lois: I respect Samurai. They were very
of these impacted their society.
brave. I’d love to turn back the
Ivy: Indeed. They couldn’t keep their
hands of time and join them on
internal conflicts in check and
their adventures.
eventually collapsed.

1. to hold something under control ________
2. events that are in the past and are no longer worth worrying about ________
3. to recount, recreate, or return to the past ________
4. to be a significant person or event that future generations will remember ________

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