Page 156 - Grammar For YDT - 12

RELATIVE CLAUSES

▪ The students have a lot of homework that they must finish by Friday in order to pass the final exam of the faculty.
The students have a lot of homework to finish by Friday in order to pass the final exam of the faculty.

The students have a lot of homework to be finished by Friday in order to pass the final exam of the faculty.
9. “Which” Referring to a Whole Sentence

“Relative Clause” kendisinden önce gelen isim ya da isim öbeğini nitelendirdiği gibi, bazı durumlarda öncesinde
gelen tüm cümleyi nitelendirmek için de kullanılabilir. “Relative pronoun” olarak sadece “which” kullanılabilir.
Bu durumda, “relative clause” cümlesi ana cümlenin sonuna “which” ile beraber eklenir ve virgül ile ayrılması
gerekmektedir.
▪ Alex refuses to do his share of the chores. This annoys the others living in the same room.

Alex refuses to do his share of the chores, which annoys the others living in the same room.
Bu cümlelerde odada yaşayan diğerlerini sinirlendiren şey, Alex’in üstüne düşen işleri yapmamasıdır. Yani burada
“which”, öncesindeki cümlenin tamamını niteler.
▪ The little kitten tried to climb the sofa, but it could not. That made the children smile.
The little kitten tried to climb the sofa, but it could not, which made the children smile.

10. Quantifiers with Relative Pronouns

‘‘Non-defining Relative Clause” cümlelerinde miktar ya da sayı belirten ifadeler (quantifiers) all, most, one, two
some, any, (a) few, (a) little, several, both, either, neither, half, many, each, etc. “of whom” (kişiler için), “of which”
(cansız varlıklar ve hayvanlar için) ve “of whose” (sahiplik belirten cümleler için) yapılarından önce kullanılabilir.
Bu tür kullanımlarda “quantifiers” ifadelerinin sayılabilen veya sayılamayan kelimelerle kullanılabilme
kurallarını göz önünde tutmak gerekmektedir.

▪ Michael went with a group of people. Few of the people were equipped for the climb correctly.
Michael went with a group of people, few of whom were equipped for the climb correctly. Video 8.10

▪ The buses were surrounded by a crowd of angry people. Most of them were already full.
The buses most of which were already full were surrounded by a crowd of angry people.
▪ Sally wanted to contact the call centre company. All of its lines were busy as usual.

Sally wanted to contact the call centre company, all of whose lines were busy as usual.

11. Cleft Sentences
Türkçede bölünmüş cümleler olarak anlamlandırılan “cleft sentences”, cümledeki belirli bir kelimeyi veya
öğeyi vurgulamak için kullanılır. Bu vurgulamayı yapabilmek için cümleyi bir “Relative Clause” ile beraber
Video 8.11
yeniden ifade etmek gerekir. “Cleft sentence” yapılarında cümle genellikle “it” ile başlatılıp ardından bir
“Relative Clause” yapısı getirilir.

Vurgulanmak istenilen öge özne durumundaki bir insan olduğunda “It is / was someone who / that…” insan
dışında bir varlık ya da durum ise “It is / was something which / that…” kalıplarını kullanmak gerekir.

▪ John solved the problem unexpectedly and was appreciated by the whole staff.
It was John who solved the problem unexpectedly and was appreciated by the whole staff.
Örneğin, bu cümlede problem çözen ve tüm personel tarafından takdir edilen kişinin “John” olduğu
vurgulanmaktadır.
▪ An inquest revealed that the poisonous mushrooms caused Jack to be ill at the farewell party.

An inquest revealed that it was the poisonous mushrooms that / which caused Jack to be ill at the farewell party.

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