Page 152 - Grammar For YDT - 12

RELATIVE CLAUSES

▪ Buckingham Palace, where the king of England lives, is one of the most popular landmarks of London.
Buckingham Palace, which the king of England lives in, is one of the most popular landmarks of London.
Buckingham Palace, in which the king of England lives, is one of the most popular landmarks of London.

(Bu cümle bir “Non-defining Relative Clause” içerdiği için “relative pronoun” olarak “that” kullanılamaz ve
“relative pronoun” cümleden atılamaz.)

Ana cümlede yer belirten bir ifade her zaman “Relative Clause” cümlesinde olayın geçtiği yeri belirtmeyebilir.
Bazen bu tür yer belirten sözcükler sadece bir nesne ya da özne durumundadır. Bu durumda “where”
kullanılamaz; “which” ya da “that” kullanılarak “Relative Clause” ana cümleye bağlanmalıdır.
▪ The whole family wants to emigrate to Canada. It is full of opportunities for newcomers. (It: subject)

The whole family wants to emigrate to Canada, which is full of opportunities for newcomers.
(Özne durumunda olduğu için pronoun cümleden atılamaz.)
▪ Ephesus is an ancient city. Everyone should see it when they visit Türkiye.

Ephesus is an ancient city which / that / Ø everyone should see when they visit Türkiye.
(Nesne durumunda olduğu için pronoun cümleden atılabilir.)
▪ The municipality is going to renovate the stage. Famous actors and actresses performed their plays there for years.

The municipality is going to renovate the stage where famous actors and actresses performed their plays for years.
(Sıfat cümlesinde “stage”, “nerede” sorusunun cevabı olduğu için “where” ifadesi kullanılabilir.)

6. Relative Pronoun Modifying Possession (whose - of which)
Tanımladığımız isim, “Relative Clause” cümlesinde iyelik bildiriyorsa hem insanlar hem de nesneler için
“whose” kullanılır. Bu durumda iyelik belirten “my, his, their, your” gibi iyelik sıfatları sıfat cümlesinde
kullanılmaz.
▪ Daniela’s colleagues enjoy hearing her talking about the books. Their authors are not known by many people.
Daniela’s colleagues enjoy hearing her talking about the books whose authors are not known by many people.

“Whose” yerine nesneler için “the + noun of which” kullanılabilir. Bu tür kullanımlar daha çok “Non-defining
Relative Clause” yapılarında tercih edilir.

▪ My old car began to slide backwards. The car’s handbrake was not very reliable.
My car, whose handbrake was not very reliable, began to slide backwards.
Video 8.7
The car, the handbrake of which was not very reliable, began to slide backwards.

Tanımlanan ismin önünce bir ilgeç var ise bu ilgeç “whose” ile başlayan cümlenin başına da getirilebilir.
▪ I would like to meet the author. We have been referring to his books recently in our lessons at university.
I would like to meet the author to whose books we have been referring recently in our lessons at university.

7. Relative Pronoun Modifying Reason (why - for which)

Ana cümledeki “reason” ya da “explanation” kelimesinden sonra sıfat cümlesi bir neden ifade eden cümle
olarak geliyorsa, “why, that” ya da “for which” kullanılarak bu iki cümle birbirine bağlanabilir ya da bunlardan
hiçbiri kullanılmadan “Relative Clause” doğrudan da getirilebilir.

▪ The reason is neither clear nor understandable. He did not attend the meeting for this reason.
The reason why / that / for which / Ø he did not attend the meeting is neither clear nor acceptable.
Video 8.8
You have not given me one good reason why / that / for which / Ø I should agree to help you.

152
152