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Relative Clauses

11. Quantifiers with Relative Pronouns
‘‘Non-defining relative clause” cümlelerinde miktar ya da sayı belirten ifadeler (quantifiers) all, most, one , two
some, any, (a) few, (a) little, several, both, either, neither, half, many, each etc. “of whom” (kişiler için), “of which”
(cansız varlıklar ve hayvanlar için) ve “of whose” (sahiplik belirten cümleler için) yapılarından önce kullanılabilir.
Bu tür kullanımlarda “quantifiers” ifadelerinin sayılabilen veya sayılamayan kelimelerle kullanılabilme
kurallarını göz önünde tutmak gerekmektedir.
▪ Michael went with a group of people. Few of the people were equipped for the climb correctly.
Michael went with a group of people, few of whom were equipped for the climb correctly.
Video 8.10
▪ The buses were surrounded by a crowd of angry people. Most of them were already full.
The buses most of which were already full were surrounded by a crowd of angry people.
▪ Sally wanted to contact the call centre company. All of its lines were busy as usual.
Sally wanted to contact the call centre company, all of whose lines were busy as usual.
12. Cleft Sentences
Türkçede bölünmüş cümleler olarak anlamlandırılan “cleft sentences”, cümledeki belirli bir kelimeyi veya
öğeyi vurgulamak için kullanılır. Bu vurgulamayı yapabilmek için cümleyi bir “relative clause” ile beraber
yeniden ifade etmek gerekir. “Cleft sentence” yapılarında cümle genellikle “it” ile başlatılıp ardından bir Video 8.11
“relative clause” yapısı getirilir.
Vurgulanmak istenilen öğe özne durumundaki bir insan olduğunda “It is / was someone who / that…” insan
dışında bir varlık ya da durum ise “It is / was something which / that…” kalıplarını kullanmak gerekir.
▪ John solved the problem unexpectedly and was appreciated by the whole staff.
It was John who solved the problem unexpectedly and was appreciated by the whole staff.
Örneğin bu cümlede problem çözen ve tüm personel tarafından takdir edilen kişinin “John” olduğunu
vurgulamak istiyoruz.
▪ An inquest revealed that the poisonous mushrooms caused Jack to be ill at the farewell party.
▪ An inquest revealed that it was the poisonous mushrooms that / which caused Jack to be ill at the farewell party.
Vurgulanan öğe her zaman cümlenin öznesi olmayabilir. Bu tür durumlarda da yine “relative clause” cümlesi
kurallara uygun şekilde kullanılarak bir “cleft sentence” yapısı oluşturulabilir.
▪ The team owner bought the world-wide famous player a luxurious car to motivate him.
Örneğin bu cümlede “The team owner” ifadesi vurgulanmak isteniyorsa;
▪ It was the team owner who / that bought the world-wide famous player a luxurious car to motivate him.
“a luxurious car” kelimesi vurgulanmak isteniyorsa;
▪ It was a luxurious car that / which the team owner bought the world-wide famous player to motivate him.
“world-wide famous player” vurgulanmak isteniyorsa;
▪ It was the world-wide famous player that / who the new team owner bought a luxurious car for to motivate him.
Cümlede vurgulamak istediğimiz sözcük grubunu “what” ile başlayan bir isim cümleciği ile kullanabiliriz.
▪ We need some peace right now after a long and tiring day in the field.
What we need right now after a long and tiring day in the field is some peace.
▪ She cooked a marvellous roasted chicken for the guests coming from abroad.
What she cooked for the guests coming from abroad was a marvellous roasted chicken.
13. Whereby (= by which / through which / with which)
“Relative clause” yapılarında “aracılığıyla, vasıtasıyla, yolu ile” anlamını verebilmek için “whereby
(=by which / through which / with which)” ifadeleri kullanılır. Video 8.12
▪ The procedures surely have much to answer for. Critical decisions are made in the United States by them.
The procedures whereby critical decisions are made in the United States surely have much to answer for.
▪ The minister made a special arrangement with the Treasury. Thanks to the Treasury, additional funds would be
made available to meet the cost.
The minister made a special arrangement with the Treasury whereby additional funds would be made available to
meet the cost.

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