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Relative Clauses

3. Relative Pronoun as Subject and Object (who - whom - which - that)
Tanımlamayı amaçladığımız isim, sıfat cümleciğimizde özne durumunda ise; “who”, “whom”, “that”,
insanlar için, “which”, “that” bütün cansız varlıklar, soyut kavramlar ve hayvanlar için kullanılabilir. Video 8.2
▪ The equipment which / that the climbers took with them proved unsuitable for climbing.
▪ The politicians who / whom / that the local people welcomed warmly left the area in joy.
Tanımlamak istediğimiz isim, “Relative Clause” cümlesinin nesnesi durumunda ise herhangi bir
“relative pronoun” (who, whom, which, that) kullanılmadan da aynı anlamı verebiliriz. Video 8.3
▪ What do you think of the clothes which English people used to wear in the Middle Ages?
▪ What do you think of the clothes that English people used to wear in the Middle Ages?
▪ What do you think of the clothes Ø English people used to wear in the Middle Ages?

Unutmamalıyız ki “who”, “whom” ve “which” hem “Defining” hem de “Non-Defining Relative Clause” cümlelerinde
kullanılabilir. Ancak, “that” sadece “Defining Relative Clause” cümlelerinde kullanılabilir.

▪ The world-wide famous player, who / whom / that the club signed last week, scored two goals in his first match.
▪ My aunt gave me this jumper, which / that she knitted herself when she was a student.
Every(thing), some(thing), no(thing), all, little, none gibi ifadeler cümlede özne konumunda ise “that” ile kullanılır,
ancak nesne konumunda ise “that” ya da “Ø” şeklinde kullanılabilir.

▪ The new assistant will do anything (that) his boss tells him to do without hesitation.
▪ Everything that you need for the project is in the storage room.
Superlative yapılar tanımlayıcı cümlede özne konumunda ise “that” ile kullanılır, ancak nesne konumunda ise
“that” ya da “Ø” şeklinde kullanılabilir.
▪ This is the funniest film that has ever come from Hollywood to our country in the last two decades.
▪ This is the tastiest Indian meal (that) we have eaten so far during our world tour.

4. Relative Pronoun as Object of Preposition (which - who - whom - that)
Video 8.4
Ana cümlede tanımlanan isim, ardından gelen “relative clause” cümlesinde nesne durumunda ise ve cümlenin
fiili bir ilgeç ile beraber kullanılmışsa, ilgeç cümledeki yerinde bırakılarak relative pronoun “who,
whom, which, that” kullanılabilir.

▪ The ladder began to slip. I was standing on the ladder.
The ladder which / that / Ø I was standing on began to slip.
▪ My friend is a very optimistic person. I talk to him every evening on the phone about my family problems.
My friend who / whom / that / Ø I talk to every evening on the phone about my family problems is a very optimistic person.
Sıfat cümlesi “Non-Defining” yapıda ise ilgecin nesnesi durumundaki “relative pronoun” cümleden atılamaz
ve “that” kullanılamaz.
▪ Mr Jones is very generous about overtime payments. I have been working for him since I moved to this city.
▪ Mr Jones, whom / who / that I have been working for since I moved to this city, is very generous about overtime payments.
“Relative clause” cümlesindeki ilgeç (preposition) istenildiğinde “relative pronoun”un önünde de kullanılabilir.
Ancak, bu durumda “relative pronoun” cümleden atılamaz. İlgeç, “pronoun”un önüne getirildiğinde “that”
ya da “who” kullanılamaz. Bu tür durumlarda sadece “whom” veya “which” kullanılmalıdır.
▪ I do not talk to my neighbour who / whom / that / Ø all the residents are complaining about regarding his parking
unsuitably in the wrong spot.
▪ I do not talk to my neighbour about whom all the residents are complaining regarding his parking unsuitably in the
wrong spot.
▪ The forest which / that / Ø we will drive through used to be a desert years ago.
▪ The forest through which we will drive used to be a desert years ago.

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