Page 154 - Grammar For YDT - 12

RELATIVE CLAUSES

Relative Pronoun + be + Noun
▪ Ankara, which is the capital of Türkiye, is home to many important historical places.
Ankara, the capital of Türkiye, is home to many important historical places.

Relative Pronoun + be + Prepositional Phrase
▪ The incident which is under investigation seems to have lasted longer than anticipated by the company.
The incident under investigation seems to have lasted longer than anticipated by the company.

Nitelenen ismin “be” fiili ya da yardımcı fiil ile devam etmediği durumlarda ise, eğer cümle “present” ya da
“past tense”lerden birisi ile oluşturulmuşsa ve etken (active) yapıda ise “relative pronoun” cümleden atılır ve
cümlenin yüklemine “-ing” eklenir (present participle).
▪ Tourists who visit our country are of the opinion that it is much cheaper than their countries.

Tourists visiting our country are of the opinion that it is much cheaper than their countries.
▪ The Taj Mahal, which attracts millions of people every year, is a white marble building.
The Taj Mahal, attracting millions of people every year, is a white marble building.
Ana cümle ile “Relative Clause” cümlesinin yüklemleri arasında zaman farkı olduğunda ise “perfect participle”
yapıları kullanılır. Bu durumda eğer “Relative Clause” yüklemi etken (active) ise “having V ”, edilgen (passive)
3
ise “having been V ” yapıları ile kısaltmalar yapılabilir.
3
▪ The woman who applied first for the position will be at our company next week.
The woman having applied first for the position will be at our company next week.
Bir cümlede “Relative Clause” etken (active) bir ‘‘simple past’’ cümlesi iken “main clause” ‘‘simple present’’
cümlesi olabilir. Bu sebeple kısaltma yapılırken “having V ” yapısı kullanılarak cümleler arası zaman farkı
3
vurgulanabilir.
▪ The Wright Brothers, who achieved the first powered flight successfully in 1903, are not known by many people
today.
The right Brothers, having achieved the first powered flight successfully in 1903, are not known by many people
today.
Bu cümlede ise “Relative Clause” edilgen (passive) bir “simple past” cümlesi iken ana cümle “future tense” ile
oluşturulmuştur. Bu sebeple kısaltma yapılırken ‘‘having been V ’’ yapısı kullanılarak cümleler arası zaman farkı
3
vurgulanabilir.
▪ The issue which was discussed during the conference by the delegates is going to be on the agenda in the next
meeting as well.
The issue having been discussed during the conference by the delegates is going to be on the agenda in the next
meeting as well.
▪ Radio, which was invented in the early 1800s, is still popular, especially among older people.

Radio, having been invented in the early 1800s, is still popular especially among older people.
Bazı farklı durumlarda “to + infinitive” yapısı ile de kısaltma yapılabilir. Etken cümlelerde “to + infinitive” yapısı
kullanılırken edilgen cümlelerde “to + be + V ” yapısı kullanılmalıdır. Şimdi bu yapıları teker teker inceleyelim:
3
Superlatives
▪ This book is the best one that explains the theory of relativity in detail for beginners.
This book is the best one to explain the theory of relativity in detail for beginners.

▪ They boast about the tallest skyscraper that can be seen a hundred kilometres away.
They boast about the tallest skyscraper to be seen a hundred kilometres away.

154
154