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NOUN CLAUSES

6. Reduction in Noun Clauses

Soru kelimesiyle veya “whether” ile başlayan “noun clause” yapıları belli kurallar dahilinde kısaltılarak “soru
kelimesi + to + yalın haldeki fiil” şeklinde ifade edilebilir. Fakat kısaltma sadece “temel cümle” ve “noun
clause” yapının öznesi aynı olduğu durumlarda yapılabilir. Video 11.5
▪ Unlike their male counterparts, most of the working women have doubts about when to have a child.
▪ Depending on his performance, the board will decide whether to renew the Finnish footballer’s contract.
“Whether” ile başlayan noun clause yapıları “whether + to + fiil” şeklinde kısaltılabilirken “if” bu şekilde
kısaltma için kullanılamaz.

▪ Parents differ in their opinions about whether to check what their kids are doing on social media sites. (if to check)
Genellikle “should, will, must, can, could” ile kurulmuş cümlelerde kısaltma yapılabilir.
▪ When students know how they can reach their goals, they build intrinsic motivation.
When students know how to reach their goals, they build intrinsic motivation.
▪ Thinking rationally is the best way to figure out what you should do.
Thinking rationally is the best way to figure out what to do.

7. Reported Speech
İngilizce’de bir kişinin söylediği söz, dolaylı “indirect / reported” veya dolaysız anlatım “direct speech” olarak Video 11.6
aktarılabilir.
▪ “According to the study I have carried out, the use of technology in the classroom can enhance student engagement,”
Professor Smith said. (Direct Speech)
Professor Smith said that according to the study he had carried out, the use of technology in the classroom could
enhance student engagement. (Indirect Speech)
“Tell” sözcüğünden sonra kesinlikle sözün kime söylendiğinin belirtilmesi şarttır. “Say” sözcüğünden hemen sonra ise
genellikle cümle gelir. “Say” kelimesinden sonra zamir kullanılacağı zaman “say + to + pronoun (zamir)” şeklinde sıralanmalıdır.

Say:
▪ Professor Stan said that certain chemicals in the environment could lead to cancer.
▪ Professor Stan said to his students that certain chemicals in the environment could lead to cancer.

Tell:
▪ Doctor Johnson told her supervisor that 80% of his participants preferred product A over product B.

“Reported Speech” yapısıyla bir konuşmacının söylediği sözler aktarılmaktadır. Bu sözleri aktaran ikinci kişinin kuracağı
cümlelerde zamir ve zaman ifadeleri gibi bazı noktalarda değişiklikler yapılması gerekebilir ve bu değişiklikler cümlenin
bağlamında yer alan kişiler dikkate alınarak yapılmalıdır.
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
I he / she

You I / he / she / we / they
We they
▪ “We have found that most participants prefer coffee over tea in our study,” said the assistant.
The assistant said that they had found that most participants preferred coffee over tea in their study.
OBJECT PRONOUNS
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
me him / her
you me / him / her / us / them
us them
▪ “The project we are working on will provide us financial opportunities,” has said the engineer.
The engineer has said that the project they are working on will provide them financial opportunities.

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