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TENSES

“The Future Perfect Continuous Tense” ile beraber eylemsizlik bildiren fiiller (non-action verbs) kullanılmaz.
▪ By next year, humanity will have been believing in the existence of black holes for half a century. ❎
▪ By next year, humanity will have believed in the existence of black holes for half a century. ✅
“The Future Perfect Continuous Tense” ile kullanılacak fiillere dikkat edilmelidir. Süreklilik bildiren “play, sleep, read” gibi
fiiller bu “tense” ile kullanılabilir. “Finish, start, arrive” gibi bir anda olup biten eylemleri anlatan fiiller kullanılamaz.
▪ By 2040, architects will have been finishing designing both the first buildings in space and self-contained ‘space
villages’ capable of maintaining life indefinitely. ❎
▪ By 2040, architects will have finished designing both the first buildings in space and self-contained ‘space villages’
capable of maintaining life indefinitely. ✅
▪ In the next century, people will have been overcoming long-held notions that communication must always be verbal

in order to be effective. ❎
▪ In the next century, people will have overcome long-held notions that communication must always be verbal in order to be
effective. ✅

Video 3.32

Key Points

“The Past Continuous Tense” kesintiye uğramış eylemleri anlatırken “The Past Perfect Continuous
Tense” geçmişte gerçekleşmiş bir olay ya da eylemden önceki süreci anlatmak için kullanılır.
▪ The board of public works was working on the budget proposal for the council when the city council started
the annual meeting.
▪ The board of public works had been working on the budget proposal for the council for five hours when the
city council started the annual meeting.

“Superlatives” (the smartest, the most clever, vb.) ve “ordinal numbers” (the third, the last, vb.) gibi
yapılardan sonra “The Present Perfect Tense” veya “The Past Perfect Tense” kullanılabilir.

▪ Britain might be the largest economy Europe has ever seen, but it is not definitely the most powerful
military force.
“For” “The Present Perfect Tense” dışında “The Simple Past Tense” ve “The Simple Future Tense” ile
de kullanılabilir.
▪ I lived in the US for 5 years. It was a great experience for me.
▪ I am planning to stay in England at least for 6 months to improve my English.
“Ne kadar?” ve “Kaç tane?” sorularının cevabı bulunan cümlelerde “The Present Perfect Tense” ve
“The Past Perfect Tense” kullanılırken, “Ne kadar süredir?” sorusunun cevabı bulunan cümlelerde “The
Present Perfect Continuous Tense” ve “The Past Perfect Continuous Tense” tercih edilir. Bunun sebebi;
ilkinde eylemin sonucu vurgulanırken, diğerinde devam eden bir sürecin vurgulanmasıdır. Eylemsizlik
bildiren fiiller bu kuralın dışındadır.
▪ The municipality has been renovating the buildings in the old part of the city for six months, and they have
spent a lot of money in the last three months.

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