Page 50 - Grammar For YDT - 12

TENSES

11. The Future Perfect Tense
Aşağıdaki tablo “The Future Perfect Tense”in olumlu, olumsuz ve soru yapılarının nasıl oluşturulduğunu göstermektedir.
Subject Pronouns Affirmative Negative Interrogative

You / We / They The excavation at the site will The excavation at the site will Will the excavation at the site
I / He / She / It have started by next month. not have started by next month. have started by next month?

Gelecekte belirli bir noktadan önce yapmış, tamamlamış, başarmış ve bitirmiş olacağımız olaylardan
bahsederken “The Future Perfect Tense” kullanılır.
▪ By 2 p.m., WHO will have finished its report on the potential impacts of an influenza pandemic.
Video 3.27
▪ In fifty years, the world population will have exploded, while food production will have expanded by less
than one billion.
Time Expressions Frequently Used in the Future Perfect Tense
by 2050 by the time by that time when before
by then in five years by the end of this summer / next week within a decade
▪ In ten years, computers will have reached human levels of intelligence and surpassed people in creative and artistic areas.
▪ NASA will have launched more than a dozen robotic missions to study asteroids within a decade.
“By” ve “By the time” arasındaki farka dikkat etmek gerekir;
“By” bir ilgeçtir (preposition), bu yüzden kendisinden sonra bir isim gelir.
Video 3.28
“By the time” ise bir bağlaçtır. Kendisinden sonra bir cümle gelmelidir.
▪ According to the report, by the next decade, home prices in most neighbourhoods will have risen by at least fifty
percent and rents by at least eighty percent.
▪ By the time the mountaineers reach the summit, they will have used up all their energy.
“By the time”ın kullanıldığı bir cümlede, ana cümlede fiil olarak “be” fiili kullanılmış ve süreç belirtilmemiş ise
“The Future Perfect Tense” yerine “The Simple Future Tense” kullanılır.
▪ By the time the committee decides what must be done to prevent possible chaos, everything will be a complete mess.
▪ The members will have discussed the issue several times by the time the committee decides on its course of action.
12. The Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Aşağıdaki tablo “The Future Perfect Continuous Tense”in olumlu, olumsuz ve soru yapılarının nasıl oluşturulduğunu göstermektedir.
Subject Pronouns Affirmative Negative Interrogative
The excavation at the site The excavation at the site will Will the excavation at the site
I / You / We / They will have been continuing not have been continuing for have been continuing for thirteen
He / She / It
for thirteen years in 2032. thirteen years in 2032. years in 2032?
“Future Perfect Continuous Tense” gelecekte bir eylemin belirli bir zamandan önce ne kadar süredir
yapılıyor olduğunu anlattığımız durumlarda kullanılır. Bu zamanda genellikle olayın süresi de belirtilir.
▪ Scientists will have been studying Earth’s atmosphere and climate for a decade when the results of their
Video 3.29
research are published.
Time Expressions Frequently Used in the Future Perfect Continuous Tense
for two years by tomorrow by this time tomorrow by then
Time Clause Main Clause
The Simple Present Tense, Video 3.30
When / By the time + or The Future Perfect Continuous
The Present Perfect Tense,

▪ By the 2040s, astronomers will have been studying the heavens with their radio telescopes for more than a century.
▪ How long will scientists have been working on developing a new form of space travel by the time their findings
are / have been published?
▪ When the semester ends / has ended, the university instructors will have been teaching incessantly for eight months.

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