Page 47 - Grammar For YDT - 12

TENSES

“Present Perfect Tense” konuşma anına kadar geçen süreçte tekrarlanmış olan durumlarda kullanılır.
▪ Because of the weather conditions, the conference has been delayed twice this month.
▪ I have had to get my car repaired many times in the last few years, so I guess it is high time I changed it.
“Present Perfect Tense” geçmişte başlayıp devam etmekte olan eylemler için kullanılırken, “Past Simple
Tense” geçmişte belli bir süre devam etmiş ve bitmiş olan durumlarda kullanılır.
▪ The millitary conflict between the United Kingdom and the Zanzibar Sultane took place on August 27, 1896 and
lasted for only 45 minutes, marking it as the shortest recorded war in history.
▪ Far more than a decade, some countries in North America and South America have been under the invasion of
clawed frogs, which are native to southern Africa.

8. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aşağıdaki tablo “The Past Perfect Continuous Tense”in olumlu, olumsuz ve soru yapılarının nasıl oluşturulduğunu göstermektedir.
Subject Pronouns Affirmative Negative Interrogative

The excavation at the site had The excavation at the site had Had the excavation at the site
You / We / They been going on before they not been going on before they been going on before they
I / He / She / It
decided to construct the bridge. decided to construct the bridge. decided to construct the bridge?
“The Past Perfect Continuous Tense” aşağıda belirtilen durumlarda kullanılır:
Geçmişte başlayıp yine geçmişte bir noktaya kadar devam eden eylemlerde:
▪ The clothing factory that was closed down in the recession had been running successfully since the Video 3.20
early 1900s.
Geçmişte bir noktaya kadar devam etmiş, tamamlanmış ancak etkisi o zaman diliminde görülebilmiş eylemlerde:
▪ When I visited the old neighborhood, I noticed the beautifully landscaped garden that Mrs. Johnson had been
tending for years.
Time Expressions Frequently Used in the Past Perfect Continuous Tense
for since how long all when by the time

▪ How long had the company been struggling before it finally declared bankruptcy due to misguided investment
strategies?

▪ By the time the project ended, a great number of educationalists had been actively participating in the
process.
Video 3.21
▪ Because the students had been sitting for their social sciences exams all morning, their backsides ached.
The Past Perfect Tense or The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Geçmişte belli bir noktada olmuş olaylardan söz ederken daha geçmişte olmuş eylemi ifade etmek
için “The Past Perfect Tense” kullanılırken; geçmişte belirli bir ana kadar devam eden eylemleri ifade
etmek için “The Past Perfect Continuous Tense” kullanılır.
Video 3.22
▪ Before the students decided on their thesis topic, they had made some thorough research in the literature.
▪ The city council had been planning a referendum on the issue of water privatisation for almost two months when it
announced that the vote would be delayed until May.

Geçmişte belirli bir zaman diliminden önce tamamlanmış eylemlerin sonucuna vurgu yapmak için “The Past
Perfect Tense” kullanılırken geçmişte bir noktaya kadar devam etmiş, tamamlanmış eylemlerin sürecine vurgu
yapmak için “The Past Perfect Continuous Tense” kullanılır.
▪ Authorities realised that the imbalance in supply and demand had caused the prices to fluctuate tremendously.
▪ By the time the company came to the forefront of the artificial intelligence software field, it had been fighting for
market share against other competitors for several years.

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